毛泽东邓小平经济发展战略比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 17:00

本文关键词： 毛泽东邓小平经济发展战略比较　出处：《河南大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 毛泽东邓小平的经济发展战略既有历史的继承性，又有时代的差异性。毛泽东邓小平都强调要立足中国国情进行中国经济建设，都非常重视国情和国情研究，并对中国的基本国情和发展阶段作出了分析和判断。但毛泽东在经济建设实际中往往过分强调人的主观能动性而偏离中国实际，对中国国情的基本判断由于矛盾的复杂性而搞错主要任务，对于发展的阶段，尽管毛泽东也使用过“社会主义初期阶段”的提法，但这很快为急于向共产主义过渡的冲动所淹没；邓小平则始终坚持从中国国情出发，紧紧围绕生产力落后的基本状况，提出了中国仍处于初级阶段的正确论断。毛泽东邓小平都提出了中国经济发展的战略目标、战略重点和战略步骤。他们都提出中国要实现现代化，建立伟大的社会主义强国，都提出了实现这一目标的战略重点，并作了周密的步骤设计。不同之处在于，毛泽东战略目标的提出经历了一个由“工业化”到“四个现代化”的过程。邓小平提出实现“现代化”到以“小康社会”为特色的中国式的现代化目标。为了实现和达到战略目标，毛泽东提出了以重工业为发展重点的分两步实现中国经济发展的措施；邓小平则提出以农业、交通运输、教育和科技为重点的“三步走”到21世纪实现中国式现代化的步骤设计。毛泽东邓小平都建立了实现上述战略目标，，完成上述战略任务的动力系统。他们都重视科学技术、体制改革和对外开放对中国经济发展的强大动力。不同之处是，毛泽东对作为科技载体的人才重视不够，他过分强调群众运动和政治运动对生产力发展的推动，而对知识分子长期不能正确认识和充分利用。而邓小平则提出不搞运动，知识分子是工人阶级的一部分，要尊重知识、尊重人才，并提出“科教兴国”战略。毛泽东用变革生产关系和上层建筑的方式来推动生产力的发展，但他就生产关系来变革生产关系，片面追求“先进”公有制，而忽视了生产力本身的要求。邓小平从发展生产力着眼，改革不适应生产力发展的体制，解放和发展生产力。毛泽东的对外开放战略由于主客观条件的限制和影响而未能完全推行下去，邓小平顺应时代发展和世界潮流，把对外开放战略在中国全面展开。毛泽东邓小平为确保发展战略目标的实现作了精心的制度安排。毛泽东在八大前后提出实行多种经济成分共同发展，可以“搞资本主义”，但最终由于“左” 的错误而未能付诸实施。邓小平实现了公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同繁荣的制度设计;在经济运行机制上，毛泽东也提出要发展商品经济，但由于担心出“资本主义”而坚守了计划经济的阵地，邓小平则大胆提出建立社会主义市场经济体制的决策;在管理体制上，毛泽东提出了发挥各方面积极性的“两参一改三结合” 的管理制度。邓小平提出了政企分开，以经济手段管理经济的新机制;毛泽东在分配制度上反对过分悬殊，但却走上了另一极端，平均主义倾向严重影响了人们的生产积极性的发挥。邓小平则实行按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的收入分配政策，走先富带后富最终实现共同富裕的道路。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong inherited Deng Xiaoping's economic development strategy as history, and age differences. Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping emphasized to stand China Chinese conditions for economic construction, pay more attention to the study of national conditions and national conditions, and to Chinese the basic national conditions and development stage to make analysis and judgment. But Mao Zedong initiative in economic construction in practice often emphasized the deviation from the actual China, basic judgment of China conditions due to the contradiction between the complexity and the mistake the main task for the development of the stage, while Mao Zedong also used "socialism initial stage" was, but it was soon overwhelmed to transition to communism impulses; Deng Xiaoping always insist on starting from the Chinese situation, closely around the basic situation of backward productive forces, put forward Chinese is still in the primary stage of the correct judgment.
Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping had put forward the strategic goal of Chinese economic development, strategic focus and strategic steps. They put forward Chinese to achieve modernization and build a great socialist country, put forward the strategic focus to achieve this goal, and made careful step design. The difference is that, Mao Zedong put forward a strategic target a process from "industrialization" to "the four modernizations". Deng Xiaoping put forward "modernization" to "well-off society" as the characteristics of the Chinese type. In order to achieve the goal of modernization and achieve the strategic goal, Mao Zedong proposed to focus on the development of heavy industry is divided into two steps to achieve China economic development measures; Deng Xiaoping based on agriculture, transportation, education and science and technology as the focus of the "three steps" to twenty-first Century implementation steps of designing a modern China type.
Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping had established achieve these strategic objectives, strategic task completion of the power system. They pay attention to the science and technology, reform and opening up to China strong power of economic development. The difference is that Mao Zedong as the carrier of science and technology talent is not enough, he put too much emphasis on promoting the mass movement and political movement to the development of productive forces while the long-term, intellectuals cannot correctly understand and make full use of. Deng Xiaoping put forward not to engage in sports, they are part of the working class, we should respect knowledge, respect talent, and put forward the "science and education" strategy. Mao Zedong used the change of production relations and superstructure to promote the development of productive forces, but he relations of production to change the relations of production, one-sided pursuit of "advanced" state ownership, and overlooked the requirement of productivity. From the development of productive forces with Deng Xiaoping Reform the system that does not adapt to the development of the productive forces and emancipate it
And the development of the productive forces. Mao Zedong's opening to the outside world is not complete because of the restriction and influence of the subjective and objective conditions.
In carrying out, Deng Xiaoping conforms to the development of the times and the trend of the world, and carries out the open strategy of opening to the outside world in an all-round way.
Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping made an elaborate institutional arrangement to ensure the realization of the strategic goal of development. Mao Zedong was in eight
It has been proposed to carry out the common development of many kinds of economic components, which can be "capitalist", but ultimately because of "left"
The mistakes were not put into practice. Deng Xiaoping realized the public ownership as the main body and a variety of economic components flourish.
System design, in the economic operation mechanism, Mao Zedong also proposed to develop commodity economy, but because of the fear of "capital".
While adhering to the position of the planned economy, Deng Xiaoping boldly proposed the establishment of a socialist market economy.
In the management system, Mao Zedong put forward the "two participation, one, one and three combination".
The management system. Deng Xiaoping put forward a new mechanism to manage the economy by economic means by separating the government from enterprise, and Mao Zedong was in the system.
The distribution system is opposed to excessive disparities, but at the other extreme, the equalitarianism has a serious impact on people.
The productive enthusiasm of production is exerted. Deng Xiaoping carries out the income distribution according to work as the main body and the various distribution modes coexist.
The policy of distribution and the way that the rich take the rich and the rich eventually realize the common prosperity.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F091.93

【引证文献】