碳排放交易体系的政策灵活性:国际经验及启示

发布时间：2018-03-01 19:22

本文关键词： 碳排放交易履约期配额的跨期使用配额抵消碳市场连接　出处：《中国环境管理》2016年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》的背景下,越来越多的国家开始关注全球气候变暖的问题。考虑到碳排放交易体系比碳税更具有政治可行性,不少国家或地区开始实施碳排放交易体系,以最低的减排成本来达到温室气体减排目标。然而,采用碳排放交易体系,其排放总量是固定的,而减排成本是不确定的,可能会出现由于政策或外部冲击而产生的配额价格异常波动的现象。因此,为确保碳排放交易体系的成本有效性,政策灵活性十分重要。在理想情况下,碳排放市场具有完全的时间灵活性(包括长期的履约期、自由的配额储存与预借)和空间灵活性(即建立全球碳市场),这将对增强市场流动性、降低减排成本、缓解价格波动起到重要的作用。然而,由于政策设计需要考虑更多因素,实际上理想状态很难达到。本文将对国外碳排放交易体系的政策灵活性设计进行较为系统的分析和比较,尤其关注履约期的长短、配额的跨期使用、配额的抵消、区域碳市场连接等方面的具体政策设计,这对我国在7个省市进行碳排放交易试点以及今后建立全国性的碳排放交易体系有较强的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol, more and more countries are focusing on global warming, considering that carbon trading systems are more politically viable than carbon taxes, Many countries or regions begin to implement carbon emissions trading system to achieve the greenhouse gas emission reduction target with the lowest emission reduction cost. However, with the carbon emissions trading system, the total amount of emissions is fixed, and the emission reduction cost is uncertain. There may be unusual fluctuations in quota prices as a result of policy or external shocks. Therefore, policy flexibility is important in order to ensure the cost effectiveness of the carbon emissions trading system. Carbon markets have full temporal flexibility (including long-term compliance periods, free quota storage and advance lending) and spatial flexibility (i.e., the creation of a global carbon market, which will increase market liquidity and reduce the cost of reducing emissions), Mitigating price volatility plays an important role. However, as policy design requires more consideration, In fact, the ideal state is very difficult to achieve. This paper will make a systematic analysis and comparison of the policy flexibility design of foreign carbon emissions trading systems, paying particular attention to the length of the implementation period, the inter-period use of quotas, the offset of quotas, The specific policy design of regional carbon market connection is of great significance for China to carry out carbon emissions trading pilot projects in seven provinces and cities and to establish a national carbon emissions trading system in the future.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院生态与可持续发展研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国碳排放交易体系制度设计的连接研究”(编号:15CJY038)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：X196;F832.5

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