营养、健康与效率

发布时间：2018-03-06 13:43

本文选题：营养　切入点：健康　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2001年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 运用来自中国贫困农村的数据，本博士论文系统地研究营养、健康与收入之间的关系。鉴于在二者之间的关系中，，影响方向可以是相互的，本文既考察营养、健康如何对收入的变化作出反映，同时也探讨营养、健康如何影响到劳动生产率。对第一方面关系的考察被包括在第1章和第2章之中。第1章主要研究收入和营养的关系。通过综述已有研究成果，本章详细分析了在估计营养弹性时可能出现的“偏误”，以及从方法论上来说如何校正估计“偏误”的影响。第2章运用实际数据，从勾列中国贫困农村“恩格尔曲线”出发，通过在收入和营养之间建立结构关系模型，具体地估计了营养的弹性曲线。和国际上最近对其他贫困国家的实证结果相似，中国贫困农村的营养弹性并不象预计的那样高，其中，相对富裕家庭的营养弹性几乎为零甚至为负弹性，只是在最为贫困的农户中，营养才比较富有弹性。这种“非线性”的弹性曲线意味着，促进经济增长对于穷人中的“穷人”来说仍然是－个缓解贫困的有效途径。对第二方面关系的研究则是第3章至第5章的内容。第3章主要综述了营养、健康与劳动生产率关系研究的历史、现状和最新进展，探讨了旨在对这一关系进行解释的效率工资理论。第4章从一个较广的视角下，审视了人力资本的维度及其与发展之间的关系。运用实际数据，本章还检验了人力资本不同维度之问的相互关联，详细讨论了因相互关联问题使估计营养、健康影响变得困难的原因。第5章，也是本文的最后一章，从分析营养、健康影响的理论框架入手，建立了估计这一影响的实证模型。根据计量经济学检验“内生性”的最新进展，本章还对模型中可能“内生的”变量进行了检验，并进而分析了得到营养、健康影响“一致性”估计的条件。基于“内生性”检验的结果，在控制着营养和健康变量“内生性”的前提下，本章最后估计了各个尺度上的营养和健康变量在中国贫困农村的回报及弹性。结果表明，各个尺度上的营养和健康几乎都会影响到劳动生产率，其中，营养摄入和疾病的影响最为显著。这说明，要想使农民摆脱贫困的束缚，投资于营养和健康具有至关重要的作用。本博士论文的贡献主要包括两个方面。第一，为进一步理解营养、健康和劳动生产率之间的关系提供了来自中国方面的例证，同时，具体的研究结果对于缓解贫困和农村发展具有重要的政策涵义。在考虑并校正各种估计“偏误”的基础上，本研究不仅估计了贫困农村的营养弹性，而且还估计并计算了各个尺度上营养和健康的回报，这些实证结果无疑对调整中国的扶贫政策具有积极的政策涵义，同时也会为如何加快农村发展及提高农民收入提供决策依据。第二方面的贡献体现在方法论上。通过对得到营养、健康变量影响“一致性”估计的分析，本研究发现了“工具变量法”在估计营养、健康影响中存在的局限性。文献中通常使用工具变量系列去估计一个或几个营养、健康变量的影响，但本研究发现，这种方法并不能保证得到“一致性”的估计结果。鉴于不同尺度上营养和健康变量之间的相互关联，当无法得到足够多控制变量时，“省略变量”问题依然存在，并可能造成“工具变量”无效，进而使估计结果“不一致”。本研究方法论上的贡献意味着，要得到营养、健康某一方面影响的“一致性”估计，控制足够多的营养和健康变量是至关重要的。
[Abstract]:Using data from China's poor rural areas, the doctoral thesis systematically studies the relationship between nutrition, health and income.
In view of the relationship between the two, the direction of the impact can be reciprocal. This article examines both the nutrition and the health of the income.
Changes are reflected, and also how nutrition, how health affects labor productivity.
The study of the first relationship is included in the first and second chapters. The first chapter focuses on the study of income and nutrition.
By summarizing the existing research results, this chapter analyzes in detail the "errors" that may arise when estimating nutritional elasticity.
And how to correct the impact of error estimation in methodology. The second chapter uses actual data to list China's poverty.
The rural "Engel curve", by establishing a structural relationship model between income and nutrition, is a specific estimate of nutrition.
Similar to the recent empirical results from other countries in poor countries, the nutritional elasticity of China's poor rural areas
Not as high as it is expected, of which the nutrition elasticity of the relatively rich families is almost zero or even negative, only in the most important way.
Among poor farmers, nutrition is more resilient. This "nonlinear" elastic curve means promoting economic growth.
For the poor of the poor, it is still an effective way to alleviate poverty.
The study of second aspects of the relationship is from the third to the fifth. The third chapter mainly summarizes the nutrition, health and health.
The history, current situation and recent progress of the research on labor productivity relationship, and explore the efficiency of explaining this relationship.
The fourth chapter examines the dimensions of human capital and its relationship with development from a broader perspective.
Using actual data, this chapter also examines the interconnections between the questions of different dimensions of human capital, and discusses the interrelated questions in detail.
The fifth chapter, the last chapter of this article, is the last chapter of this article, from the analysis of nutrition,
On the basis of the theoretical framework of health impact, an empirical model for estimating this effect is established.
The latest progress in sex, this chapter also examines the possible "endogenous" variables in the model, and then analyzes the battalion.
The condition of the health impact on the "consistency" estimate. Based on the results of the "endogenous" test, the control of nutrition and health
On the premise of "endogeny", this chapter finally estimates the nutrition and health variables on each scale in China's poor rural areas
The results show that nutrition and health at various scales will almost affect labor productivity, of which,
The effects of nutrition and disease are most significant. This suggests that farmers want to get rid of the shackles of poverty and invest in nutrition and health.
Health has a vital role.
The contribution of this doctoral thesis mainly includes two aspects. First, to further understand nutrition, health and labor productivity
The relationship between them provides examples from China, and the results of the study are for alleviating poverty and rural development.
It has important policy implications. On the basis of considering and correcting various "errors", this study not only estimated poverty.
The nutritional resilience of the countryside is also estimated and calculated for the return of nutrition and health at various scales, and these empirical results are no doubt
It has a positive policy meaning for the adjustment of China's poverty alleviation policy, at the same time, how to speed up the rural development and improve the farmers' income.
Provide the basis for decision making.
The second contribution is embodied in methodology. It is estimated by the effects of nutrition and health variables on "consistency".
In this study, the present study found the limitations of the "tool variable method" in estimating the effects of nutrition and health.
Use the tool variable series to estimate the effects of one or more nutrients, health variables, but this study found that this method and
The results of "consistency" can not be guaranteed. In view of the correlation between the nutrition and health variables at different scales,
When there are not enough control variables, the "omission" problem still exists and may cause the "tool variable" to be invalid.
The results of the study are "inconsistent". The methodological contribution of this study means to get nutrition and health in one aspect.
The response to the "consistency" estimates that it is essential to control enough nutrition and health variables.

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：F06

【引证文献】