论经济学方法论中的波普尔证伪主义

发布时间：2018-03-06 20:13

本文选题：波普尔　切入点：经济学方法论　出处：《湘潭大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学哲学对西方经济学方法论产生了重大的影响。在卡尔·波普尔(Karl Popper)证伪主义科学哲学之前,影响西方经济学方法论的主要是科学哲学中的逻辑实证主义。由于逻辑实证主义过分强调经验证实在区分科学与非科学之间的作用,对科学的定义过于严格,片面推崇归纳法,反对演绎法等等理论上的缺陷以及实践上的困难导致了经济学“科学”梦想的幻灭。波普尔的证伪主义反对经验归纳主义,推崇理性演绎主义,用否证论代替实证论,从对理论的外在辩护转向内在批判。这种方法实现了经济学思维方式的变革。证伪主义是波普尔在经济学中的遗产。波普尔证伪主义被哈奇森引入经济学之后,针对证伪主义方法论中证伪的是该是理论的前提还是预测的问题,经济学家弗里德曼与萨缪尔森展开了经济学方法论的操作主义和工具主义的大争论。在争论的风波还未平息之时,经济学家又开始对证伪主义方法论进行一定程度的批判,并实现了某种突破,由此证伪主义向历史主义转变。波普尔证伪主义方法论具有合理性和进步意义。它提供了一套比证实主义更加容易实施的方法论原则;它强调“不断证伪”和“逼真度”,这与马克思的方法论有一致之处;经济学中存在证伪的例子,凸显了证伪主义的实用意义;猜想和反驳的方法对我国的经济学发展也具有重要的现实意义。但是,证伪主义本身也存在理论缺陷。“杜恒—奎因命题”说明了经验检验理论的失败,经验本身无法提供可靠的知识基础,证伪主义的真理观存在缺陷,经济学的证伪本身就并非易事。最后,站在马克思主义的立场上,对经济学方法论进行哲学反思,指出无论是证实主义还是证伪主义方法论都不是经济学的科学之路。经济学方法的出路应该是归纳和演绎,证实和证伪,逻辑与历史,实证与规范的辩证统一。
[Abstract]:Philosophy of science has had a significant impact on the methodology of Western economics. Before Karl Popper's falsified philosophy of science, It is logical positivism in philosophy of science that influences the methodology of western economics. Because of the excessive emphasis on the role of experience in distinguishing between science and non-science, the definition of science is too strict. Opposition to deduction and other theoretical defects and practical difficulties have led to disillusionment of the dream of "science" in economics. Popper's falsification opposes empiricism, advocates rational deductionism, and replaces positivism with non-substantiation. From the external defense of theory to the internal criticism, this method has realized the transformation of the thinking mode of economics. Falsification is Popper's legacy in economics. After Popper's falsification was introduced into economics by Hutchison, the question of whether the falsification in the methodology of falsification should be a theoretical premise or a prediction was pointed out. The economist Friedman and Samuelson launched a great debate on the manipulation and instrumentalism of economic methodology. Before the controversy had subsided, economists began to criticize the methodology of falsification to a certain extent. And has realized some kind of breakthrough, thus the falsification doctrine changes to the historicism. Popper's methodology of falsification is of rationality and progressive significance. It provides a set of methodological principles that are easier to implement than confirmations, and emphasizes "constant falsification" and "fidelity", which are consistent with Marx's methodology. The existence of examples of falsification in economics highlights the practical significance of falsification, and the methods of conjecture and refutation are also of great practical significance to the development of economics in China. However, falsification itself also has theoretical defects. "Duheng-Quinn Proposition" illustrates the failure of empirical testing theory, experience itself can not provide a reliable knowledge base, and the true view of falsification is flawed. The falsification of economics itself is not easy. Finally, from the standpoint of Marxism, this paper makes a philosophical reflection on the methodology of economics, and points out that neither confirmationism nor falsification methodology is the scientific road of economics, and the outlet of economic method should be induction and deduction. Proof and falsification, logic and history, positive and normative dialectical unity.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：F091.3;N02

【引证文献】