技术创新效率的经验分析

发布时间：2018-03-14 08:04

本文选题：技术创新　切入点：效率　出处：《浙江大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在新增长理论将技术视为内生变量以来,对于技术创新内生性问题的关注与日俱增。在梳理国内外文献的基础上,对研发创新路径进行分析,并着重对中国区域及产业层次的技术创新效率进行经验分析,结论指出,在技术创新投入、产出到推动区域经济发展的过程中,技术创新效率都有着决定性的作用。本文研究既是对增长理论中技术内生性问题的有益补充,也对中国从创新“大”国转变为创新“强”国提供了可行路径。论文得到的主要结论如下: 企业的研发路径与企业所处技术知识环境密切相关,在企业追求创新效率最大化的条件下,技术机会及可吸收的技术知识越多,企业的研发路径越趋向于同质化,研发支出的动力也更足。因此,构建有利于技术创新的技术知识环境非常重要。研发、内生吸收能力、技术机会等创新投入因素与创新产出之间不再是简单的线性关系,在技术创新效率的作用下,创新投入与创新产出的正向累积循环形成了区域创新“轨道”,使得创新先发优势继续保持并不断扩大,区域技术创新产出呈现日益明显的“马太效应”。在技术创新体系中,由于研发目的及研发方向的不同,政府、企业、高校、研究机构具有明显不同的创新效率,从我国东部尤其是东部沿海经济区的高创新效率经验来看,企业创新+政府扶持+创新累积的创新模式取得了最优的创新效率。目前,企业在技术创新体系中的创新主体地位已经基本形成,政府大量投资于高校和研究机构,但他们的创新效率并不高,对于专利产出有负向的影响。高校和研究机构在技术创新体系中作用不显著,一个重要的原因在于高校、研究机构与企业的合作,也即产学研合作的效率比较低。应该建立以企业为创新主体,高校、科研机构大力合作的产学研合作体系。政府在技术创新领域的更重要功能在于为企业创造一个有利于创新的技术知识环境以及在产学研合作方面提供更多的制度支持与资金支持。产业层次的经验分析表明,虽然我国技术创新产出增长很快,但与国外相比,目前我国产业技术创新水平普遍较低,虽然大量引进技术却不注意消化吸收,因而产业创新效率较低。需要破除体制障碍,提高产业开放程度和集聚程度,提高产业内部吸收能力,从而提高创新效率。东部地区的创新效率是中国最突出的,而在东部地区内部,上海、江苏、浙江、山东和广东这四省一市是我国技术创新投入和产出最突出的地区,也是中国产业集聚水平和经济发展水平最高的5个省市,因此,对这5省市进行区域经济发展的影响因素研究。研究表明,生产集聚与创新集聚的确有着密切的关系,而且与区域经济发展相关性也非常显著,但目前我国仍旧以生产带动经济发展为主。技术创新的带动作用在浙江、广东和上海等创新效率较高的省市发挥得比较明显,而在其他省市则难以体现。因此,本文结论认为,技术创新效率高的地区,技术创新对区域经济发展的动力作用也比较明显。总而言之,从技术创新投入到创新产出再到影响区域经济发展的过程中,都不能忽视对于技术创新效率的关注。无论是区域层次还是产业层次,技术创新过程中都存在高投入高产出却低效率的“效率悖论”,这提醒我们,应当注意技术创新的路径,从“投入导向型”转向“效率导向型”。技术创新方式的转变,不仅有利于提高技术创新的产出水平,而且对于区域经济发展水平也大有裨益。
[Abstract]:Since the new growth theory in which technology as an endogenous variable, for on the endogenous technology innovation. Based on combing the grow with each passing day on domestic and foreign literature on innovation, path analysis, and focus on the Chinese regional and industrial level of technology innovation efficiency of experience analysis, the conclusion pointed out that, in the investment of technology innovation. Output to promote the process of regional economic development, the efficiency of technological innovation has a decisive role. This study is a useful supplement to the endogenous growth theory in technology, also to provide a viable path China from the transformation and innovation of large country innovation for a strong country.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
The development path of enterprises and the technical knowledge is closely related to the environment, the pursuit of maximizing the efficiency of innovation in the enterprise under the condition of technological opportunity and the knowledge more development path of enterprises tend to homogenization, power research and development spending is also greater. Therefore, building a good environment for innovation and technical knowledge is very important.
R & D, endogenous absorption capacity, technology innovation investment opportunities between the factors and the innovation output is not a simple linear relationship, the efficiency of technological innovation under the action of positive cumulative innovation input and output of the formation of regional innovation "track" the first mover advantage to maintain innovation and expansion of regional technology innovation output there has been an increasingly obvious "Matthew effect".
In the technology innovation system, the research purpose and research direction, the government, enterprises, universities, research institutions have obvious innovation efficiency different from eastern China, especially the high efficiency of innovation experience of the eastern coastal economic zone, the innovation mode of enterprise innovation + government support + Innovation accumulation achieved optimal innovation efficiency. At present, enterprises in technological innovation system innovation main body status has been basically formed, the government invested heavily in universities and research institutions, but their innovation efficiency is not high, have a negative impact on patent output. Universities and research institutions in the technology innovation system does not play a significant role, an important reason is that the Colleges and universities, research institutions and enterprises cooperation, namely the cooperation efficiency is relatively low. Should the establishment of enterprises as the main innovation, universities, research cooperation system cooperation and scientific research institutions. The government The more important function of the government in the field of technological innovation is to create a technological knowledge environment conducive to innovation for enterprises and provide more institutional support and financial support for production, teaching and research cooperation.
The empirical study on the industries, although the output of technology innovation in China is growing rapidly, but compared with foreign countries, the current level of technological innovation of industry of our country is generally low, although the introduction of a large number of technology but do not pay attention to digestion and absorption, so industry innovation efficiency is relatively low. You need to get rid of institutional barriers, improve the degree of openness of the industry and the degree of agglomeration, improve the industrial internal absorption capacity, thereby enhancing the efficiency of innovation.
The eastern region is the most prominent China innovation efficiency, and, in the eastern regions of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Guangdong four provinces and one city is China's most prominent technology innovation input and output regions, 5 provinces and cities, but also China industrial agglomeration level is the highest level of economic development. Therefore, study on influence factors for the regional economic development of the 5 provinces. The study shows that the production agglomeration and innovation agglomeration have close relations, and the correlation with regional economic development is also significant, but at present our country is still in production to promote economic development. Technological innovation leading role in Zhejiang, Guangdong and Shanghai provinces and the high efficiency of innovation play more obvious, which is difficult to reflect in other provinces and cities. Therefore, this paper concludes that the technological innovation efficiency of high area, dynamic effect of technology innovation on regional economic development are relatively bright Explicit.
In a word, from innovation inputs to innovation output and to regional economic development, can not ignore the efficiency of technology innovation. In regional and industrial level, high investment high yield but low efficiency of the "efficiency paradox" exists in the process of technological innovation, which reminds us that attention should be paid to the path of technological innovation, from the "input oriented" to "efficiency oriented". The transformation of the way of technical innovation, not only conducive to improve the technology innovation level of output, but also for the regional economic development level is also of great benefit.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F224;F062.4

【引证文献】