马克思的产业组织思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 11:21

本文选题：产业组织　切入点：分工与协作　出处：《吉林财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：产业组织的概念自改革开放之后被逐步地引入到我国经济学界。由于产业组织的概念是被西方学者提出来的,所以我国学者在研究产业组织的问题时,大都是把西方的经济理论直接应用到我国的产业组织问题的分析中。这种类型的文献多如牛毛,这种形式是十分有害的。因此纠正这种西化的产业组织思想显得尤为重要。因此,研究马克思产业组织思想有利于改变现有的状态。本文认为马克思虽然没有直接提出产业组织的概念,但是在马克思对资本主义社会生产变化的描述中暗含着产业组织的思想。本文认为分工是产业组织演进的重要内容,分工是组织存在的原因,也是组织存在的基础。分工的发展即代表着产业组织的发展,企业内部的分工决定企业内部的组织形式,社会分工决定产业内部的组织形式。因此本文首先针对分工理论的产生和发展进行了梳理,并对不同时期具有代表性的学者(亚当·斯密、阿伦·杨格、斯蒂格勒和杨小凯)的分工理论进行了评析,提出了对马克思分工理论的继承与发展。然后,本文分析了产业组织持续演进的动力。本文认为技术创新是产业组织不断演变的动力,这是因为如果没有技术创新,在现有的条件下产业组织的发展总会达到一个临界值,从而使得产业组织停止演进。但是,现实世界产业组织始终是处于变化的过程中,本文认为这是因为技术进步的不断发展。本文对于技术创新和科技创新做出了区别,认为科技创新包含技术创新,同时还包括那些不是为了追求剩余价值最大化的创新,而技术创新则是服务于资本的创新。因此技术创新是推动产业组织不断演进的重要力量,同时介绍了马克思的垄断和竞争理论、企业规模理论对产业组织演进的推动作用。随后,本文分析了产业组织演进的内在动因,即资本为了获取更多的剩余价值,不断地扩大企业的规模。之后,通过分析马克思对资本主义生产方式演变的过程的描述,即资本主义从简单的手工工厂到以分工为基础的手工工厂再到机器大工业的工厂形式的演变过程,展示了资本主义产业组织是如何通过分工的形式进行演进的。机器大工业之后,资本主义形成了福特制,进而形成以精益模式为主体的企业网络化组织形式,随后形成了灵活雇佣组织形式。组织形式的改变使得资本剥削剩余价值的方法的得到了改变,但是并没有改变资本的本性。本文全面系统地阐述了马克思的产业组织思想,并着重分析了产业组织演进的形式、动因以及推动力量。并分析了我国的产业组织现状,提出了产业组织改进的建议。
[Abstract]:The concept of industrial organization has been gradually introduced into Chinese economic circles since the reform and opening up. Since the concept of industrial organization has been put forward by western scholars, Chinese scholars are studying the problem of industrial organization. Most of the western economic theories are directly applied to the analysis of industrial organization problems in China. There are a lot of documents of this kind. This form is very harmful. Therefore, it is particularly important to correct this westernized idea of industrial organization. The study of Marx's thought of industrial organization is conducive to changing the existing state. Although Marx did not put forward the concept of industrial organization directly, However, in Marx's description of the changes in production in capitalist society, the idea of industrial organization is implied. This paper holds that the division of labor is an important part of the evolution of industrial organization, and the division of labor is the reason for the existence of the organization. The development of division of labor represents the development of industrial organization. The division of labor within the enterprise determines the internal organizational form of the enterprise. The social division of labor determines the internal organizational form of the industry, so this paper first combs the emergence and development of the division of labor theory, and presents a representative of scholars in different periods (Adam Smith, Allen Young. Stigler and Yang Xiaokai's theory of division of labor are analyzed, and the inheritance and development of Marx's theory of division of labor are put forward. This paper analyzes the motive force of the continuous evolution of industrial organization. This paper holds that technological innovation is the driving force of continuous evolution of industrial organization, which is because if there is no technological innovation, the development of industrial organization will always reach a critical value under the existing conditions. However, the real world industrial organization is always in the process of change, this paper believes that this is because of the continuous development of technological progress. This paper makes a distinction between technological innovation and scientific and technological innovation. It is considered that technological innovation includes technological innovation, which is not for the purpose of maximizing surplus value, and technological innovation is innovation that serves capital. Therefore, technological innovation is an important force to promote the continuous evolution of industrial organization. At the same time, it introduces Marx's theory of monopoly and competition, and the role of enterprise scale theory in promoting the evolution of industrial organization. Then, this paper analyzes the internal motivation of the evolution of industrial organization, that is, capital in order to obtain more surplus value. After that, by analyzing Marx's description of the evolution of the capitalist mode of production, That is, the evolution of capitalism from simple manual factories to handmade factories based on division of labour to factory forms in large machine industries, It shows how capitalist industrial organization evolves through the form of division of labor. After the big machine industry, capitalism formed the Ford system, and then formed the enterprise network organization form with lean mode as the main body. Then the flexible employment organization form was formed. The change of organization form changed the method of exploiting surplus value of capital, but it did not change the nature of capital. The paper mainly analyzes the form, motivation and driving force of the evolution of industrial organization, and analyzes the present situation of industrial organization in China, and puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of industrial organization.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F091.91;F062.9

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