基于循环经济理论的排污权交易机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 07:29

本文选题：排污权交易机制 + 循环经济　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，伴随着我国经济和社会发展水平的不断提高，由此而带来的环境问题也日益严峻，成为制约经济可持续发展的瓶颈之一。建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会，已经成为我国继续保持经济平稳较快发展的重要基础，也是关系到民生和社会稳定的重大战略任务。然而长期以来，我国的经济发展对能源消耗和污染物排放的依赖性较大，工业化水平仍然处于“高消耗、高污染、低回报”的水平，这大大制约了我国经济的健康和可持续发展。循环经济作为一种全新的经济模式，主要强调经济增长和环境保护，能够有效的促进产业升级和技术创新。大力推行循环经济，在生产、流通、消费过程实现“减量化、再利用、资源化”的宗旨，已是我国大力推进生态文明建设的重要要求。排污权交易机制作为一种以排污权为工具的环境治理机制，通过市场化的分配和交易，能够发现排污权在现有经济发展水平下的真实价值，从而实现排污权的高效率的利用和全社会环境福利的最大化。而交易机制带来的产业成本的变化，以及政府对实施减排和清洁生产企业的激励措施，能够有效推进企业的产业升级，达到区域环境容量控制目标。由于存在地区环境特点、区域经济发展规划、经济发展水平等方面的差异，不同区域的排污权交易机制设计要注重结合地区的实际。本文首先分别对排污权交易和循环经济进行了相关介绍和理论综述；其次，结合国内外实践对排污权市场的基本要素进行确定，引入区域污染效率和单位污染平均治理成本概念，为下文的交易模型建立奠定了基础；然后，结合实行排污权交易机制初期的市场特点，对排污权交易价格进行基于购买量的阶梯式政府主导定价，以生产同质商品的某排污行业为整体研究对象，选取监管成本作为衡量排污权交易市场成熟度的因子，建立环境成本、行业总收益和总成本的数学模型，，对不同时期的排污权交易机制进行合理性分析。最后，提出本文的结论，并从参与排污权交易双方的角度，给出各自的政策建议，并指出本文的研究不足和下一步的研究方向。以循环经济理论为依托，政府主导推行排污权交易机制，排污企业在变化的成本、收益和政府激励之间选取适合自身的发展方式，为建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会提供了一种新的思路。通过对理论研究的深入和对交易机制的不断优化，从而促进政府、企业和环境三方的共赢式发展。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the continuous improvement of the level of economic and social development in China, the resulting environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe, which has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the sustainable development of economy.Building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society has become an important foundation for our country to maintain steady and rapid economic development. It is also a major strategic task related to people's livelihood and social stability.However, for a long time, China's economic development has been heavily dependent on energy consumption and pollutant emissions, and the industrialization level is still at the level of "high consumption, high pollution and low return".This has greatly restricted the healthy and sustainable development of our economy.As a new economic model, circular economy mainly emphasizes economic growth and environmental protection, which can effectively promote industrial upgrading and technological innovation.It is an important requirement for our country to vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization by vigorously promoting circular economy and realizing the aim of "reducing, reusing and utilizing resources" in the process of production, circulation and consumption.As a kind of environmental governance mechanism with emission rights as a tool, the trading mechanism of emission rights is divided by marketization.By matching and trading, the real value of emission rights can be found under the current economic development level, so as to realize the efficient utilization of emission rights and the maximization of social environmental welfare.The change of industrial cost brought by the trading mechanism and the incentive measures of the government to implement emission reduction and cleaner production enterprises can effectively promote the industrial upgrading of enterprises and achieve the goal of regional environmental capacity control.Due to the differences of regional environmental characteristics, regional economic development planning and economic development level, the design of emission trading mechanism in different regions should be combined with the reality of the region.Firstly, this paper introduces the emission trading and circular economy respectively. Secondly, it summarizes the theory of emission trading and circular economy.Combined with domestic and foreign practice, the basic elements of emission rights market are determined, and the concepts of regional pollution efficiency and average control cost per unit pollution are introduced, which lays the foundation for the following trading model.Combined with the market characteristics of the initial stage of the emission trading mechanism, the price of emission trading is determined by a step government leading pricing based on the purchase quantity, and the whole research object is a pollutant discharge industry that produces homogeneous commodities.This paper selects the supervision cost as the factor to measure the maturity of emission trading market, establishes the mathematical model of environmental cost, industry total income and total cost, and analyzes the rationality of emission trading mechanism in different periods.Finally, the conclusion of this paper is put forward, and from the perspective of both parties involved in emission trading, their respective policy suggestions are given, and the lack of research in this paper and the next research direction are pointed out.Depending on the theory of circular economy, the government is leading the implementation of the emission trading mechanism.The selection of suitable development mode between cost, income and government incentive provides a new way of thinking for the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society.Through the deepening of theoretical research and the continuous optimization of trading mechanism, the win-win development of government, enterprise and environment can be promoted.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X196;F205

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