知识经济条件下商品价值创造的特殊性

发布时间：2018-04-19 18:19

本文选题：知识 + 劳动价值论　；参考：《西南交通大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文分析了劳动价值论的发展过程和基本的思想内容以及马克思的主要贡献。人类社会的经济发展正在由马克思时代的以体力劳动为主的工业经济向现代的以脑力劳动为主的知识经济时代发展。经济知识化的发展无疑会使劳动、价值、价值规律的作用发生与过去时代不同的新发展、新变化,从而要求马克思劳动价值论的相关范畴、原理得到相应的拓展。本文在坚持马克思劳动价值论一元论的基本思想和观点的基础上,对知识的价值形成、价值创造和价值实现等方面作出了一些积极的探索。知识价值形成有它的特殊性,因为知识商品与物质商品不同,知识商品属于独创性的,受到知识产权法律的保护,像专利和专有技术等归创造者独家享有。因此,不存在横向的劳动量比较,无法加权平均社会劳动时间,没有平均劳动熟练程度和劳动强度,只承认第一个知识创新的创造者成果,其他竞争者的知识创新的劳动只能是无效劳动。这样,创造该知识商品的创造者的劳动量就成为社会必要劳动量,个别劳动时间就成为社会必要劳动时间。所以知识商品的价值由第一个创造者创造该知识商品的个别劳动量决定。另外决定知识商品价值的因素并非完全是供给方面的生产费用大小,它还要受知识商品潜在经济使用价值以及心理预期等的影响和消费者需求方面的主观因素,即知识商品消费者所带来的边际效用大小也是决定知识商品价值的重要因素。企业管理劳动在组织形成企业专有的系统知识的质和量的同时,也决定了劳动生产效率,是知识转化到商品中的关键因素。企业管理者的管理劳动将企业中脑力劳动产生的知识与其它各个生产要素所含的物化知识,优化组合构成了企业专有的系统知识。从知识角度看,企业的生产就是将企业专有的系统知识全部或局部(取决于生产商品的具体环节)复制到商品的过程,这个过程决定了商品的知识含量。知识的使用具有无磨损、非物质消耗性的形式,即知识生产的边际成本为零,因此知识转移到商品的价值量同生产商品的数量成反比、知识所创造的商品使用价值所消耗的成本为零。商品生产的越多,知识创造的使用价值越多,两者成正比关系。规模效益由此产生,因此管理决定了劳动生产的效率。本文的主要创新点:首先,在坚持马克思劳动价值论一元论的基本思想上,
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the development of labor theory of value and the basic ideological content as well as Marx's main contribution.The economic development of human society is developing from the industrial economy with manual labor in Marx's time to the intellectual economy era in modern times.The development of economic knowledge will undoubtedly make the function of labor, value and law of value different from the new development and new changes of the past times, thus requiring the relevant categories and principles of Marx's labor theory of value to be expanded accordingly.On the basis of adhering to the basic thought and viewpoint of Marx's monism of labor value, this paper makes some positive explorations on the formation, creation and realization of the value of knowledge.The formation of knowledge value has its particularity, because knowledge goods are different from material goods. Knowledge goods belong to originality and are protected by the law of intellectual property, such as patent and proprietary technology.Therefore, there is no horizontal labor comparison, no weighted average social labor time, no average labor proficiency and labor intensity, but only the recognition of the results of the first creators of knowledge innovation.The labor of knowledge innovation of other competitors can only be invalid labor.In this way, the amount of labor of the creator of the knowledge commodity becomes the necessary amount of social labor, and the individual working time becomes the necessary labor time of the society.So the value of knowledge goods is determined by the amount of labor created by the first creator.In addition, the factors that determine the value of knowledge goods are not entirely the size of production costs on the supply side. They are also affected by the potential economic use value of knowledge goods and psychological expectations, as well as subjective factors in consumer demand.That is, the marginal utility brought by consumers of knowledge goods is also an important factor to determine the value of knowledge goods.Enterprise management labor not only forms the quality and quantity of enterprise proprietary systematic knowledge, but also determines the efficiency of labor production, which is the key factor in the transformation of knowledge into commodities.The managerial labor of enterprise managers combines the knowledge produced by mental labor with the materialized knowledge contained in other factors of production and optimizes the combination to form the proprietary systematic knowledge of the enterprise.From the point of view of knowledge, the production of enterprises is the process of copying all or part of the proprietary systematic knowledge of enterprises (depending on the specific links of producing goods) to the goods, which determines the knowledge content of the goods.The use of knowledge has a wear-free, nonmaterial and expendable form, that is, the marginal cost of knowledge production is zero, so the amount of value transferred from knowledge to goods is inversely proportional to the quantity of goods produced.The cost of using the goods created by knowledge is zero.The more goods are produced, the more the use value of knowledge creation is, which is proportional to each other.Economies of scale come into being, so management determines the efficiency of labor production.The main innovations of this paper are as follows: first, in adhering to the basic thought of the monism of Marx's labor value theory,
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F014.3

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