社会资本的感性基础

发布时间：2018-04-25 22:09

本文选题：社会 + 资本　；参考：《吉林大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会资本理论是近年来经济社会学理论研究中的热点问题，是联系社会结构与社会行动的重要概念，是将宏观与微观、个人与社会联结起来的重要理论视角，触及了社会学理论的核心问题，并且在理论意义上促进了经济学与社会学的对话与交流。为了回应经济学帝国主义倾向，并与经济学展开广泛对话，社会资本理论将其理论基础奠定在理性选择理论的基础上，强调社会资本的工具理性基础，即行动者通过调动网络中的资源，实现自身或组织利益的最大化。社会资本作为资本的一种形式，确实能在投资过程中带来收益，这是资本的共同属性，但却不是把社会资本与其它资本类型（如经济资本、人力资本、文化资本）相区别的根本属性。社会资本与其它资本类型相区别的本质属性是它的关系取向，行动者是关系中的个人，所调动的资源也是嵌入在关系中的资源，而作为人与人的关系本身，不可能仅仅是工具理性取向的，其中一定蕴含丰富的感性过程，并且后者才是关系得以维持和扩展的基础，就是资本属性往往也是要嵌入在互动的感性结构中才能发挥作用的。全文共分四个部分，在对资本理论、感性和理性概念的考察基础上展开对社会资本感性基础的论证，最终揭示了研究社会资本感性基础的理论与现实意义。具体如下：一、对资本理论进行了考察与回顾，揭示出建立在理性选择基础上的社会资本理论的超越与局限社会资本理论丰富了资本理论，，将资本的形式从物化资本、人力资本、文化资本扩展到一种嵌入到社会关系之中的资本形式，扩展了资本理论的视角，肯定了社会资本作为资本的一种形式能够通过投资过程使行动者（个人和集体）获益。 WP=46 局限在于社会资本概念层次的混乱（个体水平和集体水平）以及对社会资本工具理性取向的特殊强调，即投资——收益模式。过分强调了社会资本的生产性功能，忽视了其之所以存在的感性基础。二、感性、理性与合理性这种对功利取向的偏重源于建立在理性选择基础上的经济学帝国主义对理性概念的扩展。社会学对此做出了一定的回应，但结果只是限定而非批判，对经济学工具理性做了种种限定的新经济社会学理论并没有展开对经济学理论前提的批判与反思，而是在一定程度上扩展了理性选择理论的解释力。扩大了理性与效益的概念，把经济人的理性扩大为理性人的理性，把经济行为追求的经济效益扩大为各种社会行动中都存在且有不同内容和形式的广义的效益。而实际上面对现实生活我们可以发现丰富的感性世界，理性不是唯一支配人的行为的意识活动，相反感性认识是理性认识的基础。人类以其躯体活动展开的直接存在或实践行为是一种可视性的感性结构，并且这种感性结构赋予了感性不同于理性的独特的选择和判断能力，那是一种人类通过对具体事物的时空形式的感受、体验和理解，经过漫长的历史，在心理积淀而形成的一种与现实的时空形式相对应的实践感，并将这种具体的时空感受映射为一种心身图式，形成了在特定情境下能做出特定行动的惯习，它使人可以在实践的紧迫性中，不假思索的做出“无目的的合目的性”判断与选择。而且感性是人类生命的本质，工具理性不断的吞噬人的感性世界，将人的世界功利化、甚至物化，感性则重申人类生命的本质，展现一个充满意义与情感的生活世界，使情感和意义得到表达。三、社会资本的感性基础在这部分，笔者首先对社会资本的关系属性进行了集中的考察：关系的主体人是完整的生命体，有着对感性和理性的双重诉求；理性无疑是追求和实现既定目标的有力手段，但它不是唯一重要的手段，在日常 WP=47 生活中人们大量使用的是从以往实践中得到的成功经验进行的感性选择，而不是逻辑思维的理性思考，更不是利益最大化的工具理性行为。关系的形成依赖于互动过程，通过对小群体互动研究的文献考察可以肯定关系本身是在人与人互动的基础上形成的，而在互动基础上形成的关系不可能只是为了私利而建构的工具性关系，更多的则是在互动的基础上形成的有情感涉入的表达性关系，而且只有后者才可能是一种稳定的关系。关系的工具性价值只是这种关系达成后的副产品，并且互动本身展开的就是一个丰富的感性过程。关系的维续更是要建立在情感与沟通的基础上，关系的强度实质上也是一个情感的变化过程。其次，考察了社会资本的不同层次及其感性基础。在具体的微观层面，社会资本是由行动者、联结行动者的关系，和蕴含在关系中的资源构成的，构成社会资本的每一要素都不是如经济学理性选择理论所说的建立在工具理性的基础之上，相反是一种理性与感性的共同建构，并且正在实现一种感性的回归。群体层面的社会资本研究，则更强调了这种感性结构的重要意义，强调社会资本的感性基础对于社区、社会的协调发展以及公民民主和公共领域的形成的重要意义。最后，以三个个案展开对社会资本感性基础的经验考察，从日常生活中社会资本的实际运作过程揭示社会资本的建立、维续及资本属性的发挥所依赖的感性结构。四、揭示研究社会资本的感性基础的理论与现实意义。研究社会资本的感性基础，不等于排斥社会资本作为资本的一种形式有利于行动者实现其利益最大化的工具理性行为的功能属性，
[Abstract]:The theory of social capital is a hot issue in the theoretical research of economic sociology in recent years. It is an important concept linking social structure and social action. It is an important theoretical angle of view that combines macro and micro, individual and society. It has touched the core of the theory of sociology, and promoted the theory of economics and sociology in theory. Talk and exchange.
In response to the tendency of economic imperialism and extensive dialogues with economics, social capital theory lays its theoretical foundation on the basis of rational choice theory and emphasizes the instrumental rationale of social capital, that is, the actors maximize their own or organizational interests by mobilizing resources in the network. Social capital is the capital. It is a common attribute of capital, but it is not the fundamental attribute of social capital and other capital types (such as economic capital, human capital, cultural capital). The essential attribute of social capital and other capital types is its relationship orientation, and the actor is the relationship. The resource in which the individual is transferred is also a resource embedded in the relationship. As the relationship itself, it is impossible only to be a tool of rational orientation, which must contain a rich perceptual process, and the latter is the basis for the maintenance and expansion of the relationship, and the attribute is often embedded in the perceptual structure of the interaction. To play a role.
The full text is divided into four parts. On the basis of the investigation of the theory of capital, the perceptual and rational concepts, the argument of the perceptual foundation of social capital is carried out, and the theoretical and practical significance of the research on the foundation of social capital is revealed.
First, the capital theory is reviewed and reviewed, revealing the transcendence and limitations of social capital theory based on rational choice.
The theory of social capital enriches the capital theory, extends the form of capital from materialized capital, human capital and cultural capital to a form of capital embedded in social relations, expands the perspective of capital theory, and affirms that social capital can benefit the actors (individuals and collectives) through the investment process as a form of capital.
WP=46
The limitation lies in the confusion of the conceptual level of social capital (individual level and collective level) and the special emphasis on the rational orientation of social capital tools, namely, investment income model, which overemphasizes the productive function of social capital and ignores the perceptual basis of its existence.
Two, sensibility, rationality and rationality
The emphasis on utilitarian orientation is derived from the expansion of economic imperialism based on rational choice. Sociology has made a certain response to it, but the result is only limited rather than critical. The new economic sociology theory, which is limited to economic tool rationality, does not start the premise of economic theory. Criticism and reflection, to a certain extent, expanded the explanatory power of the rational choice theory, expanded the concept of rationality and benefit, expanded the rationality of the economic man into rational man's rationality, and expanded the economic benefit of economic behavior into a broad sense of different content and form in all kinds of social actions.
In fact, we can find a rich perceptual world in the face of real life. Reason is not the only conscious activity that dominates human behavior. On the contrary, the perceptual knowledge is the basis of rational cognition. The direct existence or practice of human being with its physical activity is a sense structure of visibility, and this perceptual structure gives sensibility. Different from the unique choice and judgment of reason, it is a kind of sense of practice that human beings feel, experience and understand through the time and space form of the specific things, through a long history, a kind of practical sense of practice corresponding to the realistic spatio-temporal form formed in the accumulation of psychology, and mapping this kind of space-time feeling into a psychosomatic schema. The habit of making specific actions in a particular situation makes it possible to make the judgment and choice of "purposeful and purposeful" without thinking in the urgency of practice, and the sensibility is the essence of human life, the instrumental reason constantly engulf the human perceptual world, the utilitarian, even materialized, and the sensibility reaffirms the human world. The essence of life is to show a meaningful and emotional life world, so that emotion and meaning can be expressed.
Three, the perceptual basis of social capital
In this part, the author first focuses on the relationship property of social capital: the main body of the relationship is a complete life body, with a dual appeal to sensibility and rationality, and reason is no doubt a powerful means to pursue and realize the established goal, but it is not the only important means, in the daily life.
WP=47
In life, people use a lot of perceptual choice from the successful experience gained from the past practice, not the rational thinking of logical thinking, but not the instrumental rational behavior of the maximization of the interests.
The formation of the relationship is dependent on the interaction process. Through the literature review of the interaction study of the small groups, the relationship itself is formed on the basis of the interaction between people and people, and the relationship formed on the basis of interaction can not be only a tool relationship for the sake of private interest, and more of which is formed on the basis of interaction. The expression relationship, and only the latter, may be a stable relationship. The instrumental value of the relationship is only a by-product after the relationship is reached, and the interaction itself is a rich perceptual process. The continuity of the relationship is based on the emotion and communication, and the intensity of the relationship is also an emotion in essence. The changing process of feeling.
Secondly, we examine the different levels of social capital and its perceptual foundation.
At the specific micro level, social capital is composed of the actors, the relationship of the actors, and the resources contained in the relationship. Every element of social capital is not based on the rationalism of instrumental rationality, but on the contrary, it is a common construction of rationality and sensibility. There is a sensual return.
The study of social capital at the group level emphasizes the significance of this perceptual structure, emphasizing the significance of the perceptual foundation of social capital to the coordinated development of community and society, as well as the formation of civil democracy and the public domain.
Finally, the empirical study of the social capital perceptual basis is carried out in three cases, from the actual operation process of social capital in daily life to reveal the establishment of social capital, the continuity and the dependence of the capital attributes on the perceptual structure.
Four, it reveals the theoretical and practical significance of studying the perceptual foundation of social capital.
The study of the perceptual basis of social capital is not equal to the functional attribute of the tool rational behavior that excludes social capital as a form of capital, which is beneficial to the actors to maximize their interests.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F091

【引证文献】