消费者行为、消费函数与财政货币政策

发布时间：2018-04-25 23:09

本文选题：有缺陷的经济人 + 层次效用论　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2000年博士论文

【摘要】： 经济人假设是西方经济学一切研究的基点，而消费者行为和消费函数研究则是微观经济学和宏观经济学的起点，重新讨论消费者行为以及消费函数对于把握和理解我国当前消费严重不足的宏观经济状况并制定相应的财政货币政策具有重大的现实意义。本文经过充分论证，彻底否定了完全理性经济人的假设，提出了“有缺陷的经济人” 假设，将“完全理性”原则修正为“模糊理性”，同时扩展了经济人追求的利益范围：不仅包括经济利益，还包括非经济利益。为了将许多传统意义上的非经济因素纳入经济学的研究范畴，本文提出了非物化商品的概念，从而扩大了商品的范围，使得我们对“有缺陷的经济人”追求的经济利益和非经济利益能够综合起来一起考虑，完成了作为“有缺陷的经济人”的消费者的行为模式分析。本文在马斯洛的需求层次理论基础上提出了新的需求层次分类，并由此而提出了层次效用论，认为：消费者的消费需求是分层次的，效用也是分层次的，很难相互替代，不同层次的消费需求的满足产生不同层次的效用。同一层次的效用可以根据消费者的第二偏好系数来比较大小，而不同层次的效用比较则还要考虑消费者的需求强度系数和第一偏好系数，从而解决了纠缠不清的效用比较问题。在此基础上，本文结合对消费成本、财产的继承与遗留等的分析，提出了新的消费函数：C_t=（aWR_t+bYD_t）+C_1β_1(WR_(t-1)+YD_(t-1))+C_2β_2(WR_(t+1)+YD_(t+1)), β_1为上一期总收入中用于本期消费的比例，β_2为下一期预期总收入中用于本期消费的比例，其中，C_t本身也要按照消费者的需求层次、消费者第一偏好系数矩阵、消费者第二偏好系数矩阵，价格矩阵分配在物化商品和非物化商品上，即： J 尸11 尸12 厂13 尸加BJll］XI？ X门 XI。I IS用1 尸22 尸23 尸ZinD、．DX21 X22 XZZ XZthDD —”———“一”‘”X““—”—“f‘”” 5－山1 叮0 内2 尸2。－’X引厂Z 叼5 叼mDS In。。n。，n。，n。＼X41 X42 X43 X4m） 4CI＼Nq1 厂U 厂七厂qm／”—一l DDqlqz q5 口1川DD（’ID D l、， dZI d22 d23 dZm 、。 02 X—”“”““一”‘”X］ DDU引厂H 叮3 叮mD 口SD D ＼＼了川口42 口4s 了4川J V’wJ 其中，勺＝叫，当d一尸0晌。叫。0，当卯＜PO R卜邱“叶，当＊Z尸0出。邱＝0，当d＜PO十。 ct＝of＋co＋c3＋co＝Zrcj＋二PcV Ct本身的变化会反过来作用于消费函数，即收入与消费之间存在着作用与反作用的关系。这一消费函数说明，本朔消费不f父取决于本朔收入，，而巨还取决于上一期预朗用于本期的实际收入和下一期的预期收入。消费音只根据自己的模糊预期来调整自己的消费行为．收入水平、价格水平。财产状况。刊率高低。通货膨胀等各种因素并不能白接改变消费旮行为，从而改变边际消费倾向和储蓄率，而是间接通过消费者的预期来实现其作用，回此；刺激消费的扩张性财政货币政策只能唯一地将其政策目标放在居民的预期上。囚此；造成我国居民消费严重不足的根本原因是制度性因素造成居民预期的严蛋下降，由于制度变革不可能在短朋内得到完成，各种财政货币政策自然也就不可能从根本上改变目前的居民消费率下降的状况，只有在体制改革进展到定阶段，某些体制改革基本完成或接近完成，居民收入增长与支出结构开始出现比较明确的前景，才能彻底解决居民消费下足的问题。当然，政府可以通过制定和实施一些财政政策、货币政策，刺激居民的消费预期提高，在乍程度卜缓解居民消费不足的局面。
[Abstract]:The hypothesis of economic man is the basis of all studies in western economics, while the study of consumer behavior and consumption function is microscopic.
The starting point of economics and macroeconomics is to re discuss consumer behavior and consumption function in order to grasp and understand China's current situation.
It is of great practical significance to formulate macroeconomic policies and formulate corresponding fiscal and monetary policies.
After full argument, this article completely negates the hypothesis of completely rational economic man, and puts forward "defective economic man".
Suppose that the principle of "complete rationality" is revised to "fuzzy rationality", and at the same time, it expands the range of interests pursued by economic people: no
It includes economic interests and non economic interests. In order to incorporate many traditional non economic factors into economics,
In the field of research, this article puts forward the concept of non materialized goods, thus enlarging the scope of commodities and making us "defective".
The economic interests and non economic interests pursued by the economic man can be considered together and completed as "defective".
An analysis of the behavior patterns of the consumers' consumers.
On the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, this paper puts forward a new classification of needs hierarchy and proposes a new level.
Sub utility theory holds that the consumption demand of consumers is hierarchical, and the utility is also hierarchical. It is difficult to replace each other.
The same level of consumption demand produces different levels of utility. The same level of utility can be based on the second deviation of consumers.
Good coefficients compare to size, while different levels of utility comparisons take into account consumer's demand intensity coefficient and first preference.
Coefficient, so as to solve the entangled utility comparison problem.
On this basis, this paper puts forward new consumption based on the analysis of the cost of consumption, inheritance and legacy of property.
Function: C_t= (aWR_t+bYD_t) +C_1 beta _1 (WR_ (t-1) +YD_ (t-1)) +C_2 beta _2 (WR_ (+C_2) (())).
Beta _1 is the proportion of the total consumption in the previous period for consumption. Beta _2 is the ratio of the expected total income in the next period to the current consumption.
For example, C_t itself should also be based on the consumer's demand level, the consumer's first preference coefficient matrix, and the consumer second.
The preference coefficient matrix is distributed on materialized and non materialized commodities, namely:
J corpse 11 corpse 12 factory 13 corpse plus BJll] XI? X gate XI.I
IS with 1 corpses, 22 corpses, 23 corpses ZinD,.DX21 X22 XZZ XZthDD
- - - "one", "X", "-" - "F".
5 - Mountain 1 bites 0 inside 2 corpses 2. - "X cited factory Z hold 5 mDS"
In..N., N., n. / X41 X42 X43 X4m)
4CI / Nq1 factory U plant seven plant QM / a l
DDqlqz Q5 port 1 Sichuan DD ('ID D
L, dZI D22 D23 dZm,. 02
X - "" "" "one" "" "" X]
DDU factory H Ding 3 Ding mD mouth SD D
42 4S, 4 Sichuan J V 'wJ
Among them, spoon = call, when d one corpse for 0 days. Call.0, when PO R Bu
Qiu "leaf, when * Z corpse 0. Qiu = 0, when d < PO ten.
CT = + CO + C 3 + CO = Zi R C + two PcV
The change of Ct itself will affect the consumption function in turn, that is, the interaction between income and consumption.
Relationship.
This consumption function shows that the consumption of F is dependent on the income of the company.
The actual income of the current period and the expected income of the next period. Consumption voice only adjusts its consumer line according to its own vague expectations.
Income level, price level, property status, publication rate, inflation and other factors can not be changed.
Fee behavior, which changes the marginal propensity to consume and saving rate, but indirectly realizes its function through the expectation of consumers.
The expansionary fiscal and monetary policy that stimulates consumption can only place its policy objectives on the residents' expectations.
This is the root cause of the serious shortage of consumption in China, which is caused by institutional factors.
As a result, institutional change can not be completed in short friends, and all kinds of fiscal and monetary policies can not be fundamentally.
Changes in the current consumption rate of residents are falling. Only when the system reform is progressing to a certain stage, some basic structural reforms will take place.
The residents' income growth and expenditure structure will start to have a relatively clear prospect when they are completed or near completion, so that residents can be completely settled.
Of course, the government can stimulate residents by formulating and implementing some fiscal policies and monetary policies.
The increase of consumption expectation will alleviate the shortage of residents' consumption.

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：F014.5

【引证文献】