人口、资源与环境可持续发展中的政府行为研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 07:48

本文选题：可持续发展 + 政府行为　；参考：《河北大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 人口、资源与环境可持续发展是当前国内外比较关注的一个问题。无论国家与个人都认识到人口、资源与环境的和谐,经济发展的持续快速,社会生活的有序民主,等等问题成为关乎国家、民族与人类生死存亡的大事。它作为一个宏大的系统工程,涉及到社会经济系统与生态环境系统的协调、统一；又包括代际内与代际间的公平与效率。在一定时期,一定区域内,实现可持续发展就是使人类的社会生产、经济活动达到帕累托最优,或者是帕累托次优,至少是第三优；使后代人福利水平超过当代人,起码是不应该降低。本文旨在分析当前社会经济发展过程中存在的非持续性问题,如代际间的不公平、资源环境消费的外部性、资源环境定价问题等。通过对这些问题的分析总结出可持续发展与传统发展模式的特征差异等。在这些问题的解决中,市场机制或非政府组织存在着失灵。如何才能实现可持续发展的问题,不仅要求技术的创新,生产工艺的改进,更重要的是制度的合理安排,包括经济制度,法律制度,政府政策等方方面面的合理安排,从生产方式、分配方式、交换以及消费方式等方面全面改善当前的社会生产经济活动等,以使资源永续利用,生态环境得以保护。在此过程中,保护生态,解决环境污染问题,提高生活质量是实现人类可持续发展的关键环节。本文主要是通过以下几方面的论述,为政府发挥作用的机制提供思量。1、通过对政府作用机制的讨论,明晰其在人口、资源与环境可持续发展中的权限与职责,揭示政府在社会经济可持续发展中的作用。2、设计合理的税收制度,行政管理制度等为政府作用的有效发挥提供政策参考。最后,在实现可持续发展过程中,加强政府作用,一方面要求政府作用定位要准,针对于市场不足或存在的缺陷；另一方面,要合理利用税收、财政支出安排等政策,掌握好税率、公共消费比例与公共投资比例间的关系。
[Abstract]:The sustainable development of population, resources and environment is a problem of concern at home and abroad. Whether the country or the individual recognizes the harmony of population, resources and environment, the sustained and rapid economic development, the orderly democracy of social life, and so on, it becomes a matter of great importance for the country, the nation and the human being to survive or die. As a grand system engineering, it involves the coordination and unification of social economic system and ecological environment system, and the equity and efficiency between generations. In a certain period, within a certain region, the realization of sustainable development means that the social production of human beings and economic activities reach the Pareto optimal, or Pareto sub-optimal, at least the third, so that the welfare level of future generations exceeds that of the present generation. At least it should not be lowered. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the unsustainable problems existing in the process of social and economic development, such as intergenerational inequity, externality of resource and environment consumption, resource and environment pricing, and so on. Through the analysis of these problems, the characteristics of sustainable development and traditional development model are summarized. In the solution of these problems, market mechanism or non-governmental organizations are out of order. The problem of how to achieve sustainable development requires not only technological innovation, improvement of production technology, but also reasonable arrangement of institutions, including economic system, legal system, government policy and so on. In order to make the sustainable use of resources and protect the ecological environment, the current social production and economic activities should be improved in terms of production mode, distribution mode, exchange mode and consumption mode. In this process, protecting ecology, solving the problem of environmental pollution and improving the quality of life are the key links to realize the sustainable development of human beings. This article mainly through the following several aspects elaboration, provides the consideration for the government to play the role mechanism. Through the discussion to the government function mechanism, clarifies its authority and responsibility in the population, the resources and the environment sustainable development, To reveal the role of the government in the sustainable development of social economy. 2. To design a reasonable tax system and administrative system to provide policy reference for the effective play of the role of the government. Finally, in the process of achieving sustainable development, strengthening the role of the government requires, on the one hand, that the role of the government be positioned accurately to address the shortcomings of the market; on the other hand, it is necessary to make rational use of policies such as taxation, fiscal expenditure arrangements, and so on. Grasp the tax rate, the proportion of public consumption and public investment proportion of the relationship.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F062.1

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