如何通过比较优势的转换来实现产业升级——评林毅夫的新结构经济学

发布时间：2018-05-12 07:00

本文选题：新结构经济学 + 比较优势　；参考：《学术月刊》2017年02期

【摘要】：林毅夫提出因势利导地根据要素禀赋和比较优势的变动来推进产业升级,这是对比较优势战略的具体化,具有显著的现实意义。但同时,作为一门根基于现实意识的"知行合一"学说,新结构经济学还有待进一步发展和完善。这主要体现在以下几方面:(1)它将具体而异质的技术与抽象与同质的资本等同起来,而没有明确将技术当作一个独立生产要素,尤其没有考虑它是一个决定现代产业比较优势的关键生产要素,从而也就没有注重技术进步的动力机制;(2)它基于人均资本-劳动比来评估一国的总体要素禀赋结构和比较优势,而没有充分关注一国比较优势的多元性,尤其是没有考虑比较优势的多元性与经济规模之间的关系,从而就忽视了大国发展多元化产业结构的可能性和必要性;(3)它基于绝对成本而推崇小步跑式产业升级途径,而没有充分关注产业升级在不同规模经济体中的相对成本差异,尤其没有考虑大国所具有的承担风险和成本的更大能力,从而就忽视了大国实现跨越式产业升级的可能性和必要性。本文通过一个简单的3×2贸易模型对上述几点展开了系统的逻辑分析,对比较优势变动和转换的动力机制做了深层次的剖析,进而探究了比较优势战略在不同时空下的适用性差异,从而有助于更好地认识和发展林毅夫的新结构经济学。
[Abstract]:According to the change of factor endowment and comparative advantage, Lin Yifu proposes to promote industrial upgrading according to the situation, which is the embodiment of comparative advantage strategy and has significant practical significance. But at the same time, as a theory based on reality consciousness, new structural economics needs further development and improvement. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1) it equates concrete and heterogeneous technologies with abstract and homogeneous capital, without explicitly treating technology as an independent factor of production. In particular, it does not take into account that it is a key factor of production that determines the comparative advantage of modern industries, thus there is no dynamic mechanism for focusing on technological progress) it assesses a country's overall factor endowment structure and comparative advantage on the basis of per capita capital-labour ratio. Without paying sufficient attention to the diversity of a country's comparative advantage, in particular its failure to take into account the relationship between comparative advantage diversity and the size of its economy, Therefore, it ignores the possibility and necessity of developing diversified industrial structure in large countries. It promotes the path of industrial upgrading with small steps on the basis of absolute cost, and does not pay sufficient attention to the relative cost difference of industrial upgrading in different economies of scale. In particular, the possibility and necessity of realizing leapfrog industrial upgrading in big countries are neglected because of their greater ability to bear risks and costs. Through a simple 3 脳 2 trade model, this paper makes a systematic logical analysis of the above points, and makes a deep analysis of the dynamic mechanism of the change and transformation of comparative advantage. Then it explores the applicability differences of comparative advantage strategy in different time and space, which is helpful to better understand and develop the new structural economics of Lin Yifu.
【作者单位】：中山大学岭南学院;
【分类号】：F092.7

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