经济体制转轨时期中国产业集群研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 08:53

本文选题：区域创新网络 + 经济体制转轨　；参考：《福建师范大学》2003年博士论文

【摘要】： 具有空间集聚特征、灵活专业化生产特征、合作网络特征、社会文化特征、自我增强特征、内部整合与外部链合特征的产业集群，既是一种介于纯市场和等级制之间新的空间产业组织形式，也是一种具有生物群落特征的产业种群或企业发展生态系统，更是一种区域创新网络。因其建立在区域分工和协作基础上的资源获取优势、市场效率优势、创新创业优势和扩张优势，产业集群有利地促进了中国沿海地区的经济增长。基于中国改革开放宽松的政治经济背景和从计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨的制度环境，中国产业集群的起源和发展与区域优势的动态转化息息相关。浙江依托本地区独特的区域性商业文化积淀和传统产业特定性要素的凝结，凭借民间微观经济主体的自发创新与地方政府柔性化经济行为的默契配合，较早地选择了明晰的产权制度和区域性的专业市场等有效率的经济组织，，并在内源性民间资本积累的推动下，获得相对全国其他地区的“体制落差”优势，催生了内生式传统产业集群；广东则依靠优越的地理位置和人文优势，以优惠的投资政策、丰富的土地资源和充足的廉价劳动力与跨国企业的技术、管理等优势链合，在发展型地方政府、“游击队企业家”、创造性效仿者和港台及外国中间贸易商的企业家协调机制作用下，崛起了外商投资企业集群；而北京中关村在对其得天独厚的首都区位优势、人力资源和智力密集优势、企业衍生及集聚优势、创新创业文化优势的有机整合后，兴起了高科技产业集群。产业集群形成后的阶段性演进包括集群内部系统沿时间的纵向进化与成长以及集群向外部空间的横向延伸与扩展。前者因产业网络、动力机制、竞争优势、经济绩效四个方面的不同特征可以分为发生、发展和成熟三个阶段，后者主要有两种方式：集群在其邻近地区的外部空间运动形成集群群与边缘产业集群；集群沿着产业链向高端环节或低端环节进行产业转移，跨区延伸成超越本地范围的集群链。中国目前在发展集群经济过程中存在的主要问题是：“集聚非集群化”和“集群不经济”现象以及如何提升现有集群的发展水平和层次，“促进关联”、加强区域信誉建设与适时实现“集群转换”、构筑“提升集群层次的三维度原则”有助于上述问题的解决。
[Abstract]:Industrial clusters with the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, flexible and specialized production, cooperative network, social and cultural characteristics, self-enhancement, internal integration and external chaining. It is not only a new form of spatial industrial organization between pure market and hierarchical system, but also a kind of industrial population or enterprise developing ecosystem with the characteristics of biota, and it is also a kind of regional innovation network. Because of the advantages of resource acquisition, market efficiency, innovation and entrepreneurship, and expansion based on regional division of labor and cooperation, industrial clusters have promoted the economic growth of China's coastal areas. Based on the loose political and economic background of China's reform and opening up and the institutional environment of transition from planned economy system to market economy system, the origin and development of China's industrial clusters are closely related to the dynamic transformation of regional advantages. Zhejiang relies on the unique accumulation of regional commercial culture and the condensation of specific elements of traditional industry in this region, and relies on the spontaneous innovation of the folk microeconomic subject and the tacit cooperation of the flexible economic behavior of the local government. In the early days, he chose some efficient economic organizations, such as clear property rights system and regional professional market, and gained the advantage of "institutional gap" compared with other regions of the country, promoted by the accumulation of endogenous private capital. It gave birth to endogenetic traditional industrial clusters. Guangdong, on the other hand, relied on its superior geographical location and cultural advantages to combine advantages such as preferential investment policies, abundant land resources and abundant cheap labour with the technology and management of multinational enterprises. Under the coordination mechanism of local governments, guerrilla entrepreneurs, creative imitators and entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Taiwan and foreign countries, the cluster of foreign-invested enterprises has emerged. In Beijing Zhongguancun has developed a high-tech industrial cluster after the organic integration of its unique capital location advantages human resources and intelligence intensive advantages of enterprise derivation and agglomeration and innovation and entrepreneurial culture advantages. The gradual evolution of industrial clusters after the formation of industrial clusters includes the vertical evolution and growth of the cluster internal systems along the time and the horizontal extension and expansion of the cluster to the outer space. The former can be divided into three stages of occurrence, development and maturity due to the four different characteristics of industrial network, power mechanism, competitive advantage and economic performance. There are two main ways of the latter: cluster and marginal industrial cluster are formed by the outer spatial movement of the cluster in its adjacent areas, and the industrial transfer is carried out along the industrial chain to the high-end or low-end links. The span extends beyond the local cluster chain. The main problems in the development of cluster economy in China are as follows: "agglomeration non-cluster" and "cluster diseconomy" and how to improve the development level and level of existing clusters, and "promote association". It is helpful to solve the above problems to strengthen the construction of regional reputation, to realize the "cluster transformation" in time, and to construct the "three dimensional principle to enhance the level of cluster".
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F062.9

【引证文献】