新制度经济学视角下的节约型政府建设研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 23:33

本文选题：新制度经济学 + 节约型政府　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：资源短缺是当代世界各国共同面临的发展问题。针对我国人口众多、资源相对不足、环境承载能力差的现状,党和政府提出了建设“资源节约型、环境友好型”社会的要求。政府作为建设节约型社会的倡导者和社会生活的管理者,必须从自身做起,厉行节俭、杜绝浪费,有效地利用各种行政资源,为社会提供更多更好的公共产品和公共服务。因而,建设节约型政府是建设节约型社会的题中应有之义,是促进我国经济社会可持续发展的必然要求。本文主要以新制度经济学的交易成本理论、制度变迁理论以及产权理论为理论分析工具,阐述了节约型政府的基本内涵和特征,探讨了构建节约型政府的重要意义,分析了我国节约型政府建设过程中面临的困境,并从“制度”的角度入手对其原因进行了深入的探析,最后提出了推进我国节约型政府建设的对策和建议。全文共分为五个部分：导论部分简要阐述了本文的研究背景及研究意义,对国内外既有研究成果进行了梳理,接着提出了本文的理论分析工具,最后阐明了本文的研究思路和研究方法,并且对本文的创新与不足之处进行了总结。第二部分界定了节约型政府的概念,阐述了建设节约型政府的意义。论文认为,所谓节约型政府,是指一种政府通过科学、合理的制度安排,充分利用行政资源,有效地降低政府的制度成本,提高行政效能,以尽可能少的政府成本为社会和公众提供尽可能多且好的公共产品和公共服务的政府模式。建设节约型政府具有重要的现实意义,首先,构建节约型政府是建设节约型社会的题中应有之义；其次,构建节约型政府是可持续发展的必然要求；第三,构建节约型政府是加强政府自身建设的内在要求。第三部分概括了我国建设节约型政府面临的主要问题。本部分通过对相关数据进行分析,指出节约型政府建设面临的主要问题有：政府规模日益膨胀；行政成本居高不下；行政效能相对较低；政府制度透明度低。第四部分是关于影响节约型政府建设的原因分析。本部分针对上文所提到的问题,从“制度”的角度入手,分析了产生这些问题的深层次原因。包括：(1)维持制度运行的成本过高；(2)制度外隐性成本过高；(3)制度变迁成本过高；(4)产权界定不明晰导致资源浪费；(5)制度不透明导致行政效能较低。第五部分是关于建设节约型政府的路径探讨。本部分提出,应通过完善政府的制度来实现降低政府成本的目的,具体措施包括：(1)有效控制维持制度运行的成本；(2)有效控制制度外隐性成本；(3)有效控制制度变迁成本；(4)改革产权制度,降低社会交易成本；(5)大力发展电子政务,提高政府行政效能。
[Abstract]:The shortage of resources is a common development problem faced by all countries in the contemporary world. In view of the fact that our country has a large population, relatively insufficient resources and poor carrying capacity of the environment, the Party and the government have put forward the requirements of building a "resource-conserving, environment-friendly" society. The government, as the advocate of the construction of a conservation-oriented society and the manager of social life, must start from its own, strictly practise thrift, put an end to waste, make effective use of all kinds of administrative resources, and provide more and better public goods and public services for the society. Therefore, the construction of a conservation-oriented government is a necessary part of the construction of a conservation-oriented society and an inevitable requirement for the sustainable development of China's economic and social sectors. Based on the transaction cost theory, institutional change theory and property right theory of the new institutional economics, this paper expounds the basic connotation and characteristics of the economized government, and probes into the significance of constructing the economical government. This paper analyzes on the difficulties in the process of the construction of the economized government in our country, and probes into the causes from the point of view of "system", and finally puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the construction of the conservation-oriented government in our country. The full text is divided into five parts: The introduction briefly describes the research background and significance of this paper, combs the existing research results at home and abroad, then puts forward the theoretical analysis tools of this paper, and finally expounds the research ideas and research methods. And the innovation and deficiency of this paper are summarized. The second part defines the concept of economy-oriented government and expounds the significance of building economy-oriented government. The paper holds that the so-called economized government means that the government can make full use of administrative resources through scientific and reasonable institutional arrangements to effectively reduce the government's institutional costs and improve its administrative efficiency. A government model that provides as much and as good public goods and services to the community and the public at the lowest possible government cost. Building a conservation-oriented government is of great practical significance. First, building a conservation-oriented government is a necessary part of the construction of a conservation-oriented society; secondly, building a conservation-oriented government is an inevitable requirement for sustainable development; third, building a conservation-oriented government is an inevitable requirement for sustainable development. Building an economical government is the internal requirement of strengthening the government's own construction. The third part summarizes the main problems faced by the construction of economy-oriented government in China. Through the analysis of relevant data, this part points out that the main problems facing the construction of economical government are: the government scale is expanding day by day; the administrative cost is high; the administrative efficiency is relatively low; and the transparency of government system is low. The fourth part is about the reason analysis that affects the economical government construction. Based on the above mentioned problems, this part analyzes the deep-seated causes of these problems from the point of view of "system". It includes: (1) the cost of maintaining the system is too high; (2) the hidden cost outside the system is too high; (3) the cost of institutional change is too high; (4) the definition of property right is not clear, which leads to the waste of resources; (5) the system is not transparent and the administrative efficiency is low. The fifth part is about the path discussion of building economy-oriented government. This part puts forward that the purpose of reducing government cost should be achieved by perfecting the government system. Specific measures include: 1) effective control of the cost of maintaining the operation of the system; 2) effective control of hidden costs outside the system; 4) effective control of the cost of institutional change; 4) reform of the property rights system and reduction of social transaction costs; 5) vigorously developing electronic government affairs. Improve the efficiency of government administration.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D630;F091.349

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