贸易与环境政策协调作用下的清洁产业出口扩张研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 15:54

本文选题：贸易政策与环境政策协调作用 + 清洁产业　；参考：《云南财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从上个世纪实行改革开放政策以来,我国经济得到了长足发展,尤其是加入世界贸易组织以后,经济增长速度令世界瞩目,尤其是工业制成品出口贸易迅速增长,为我国国民经济的发展提供了重要动力。然而,由于大多数出口产品具有高能耗、高排放的特征,使我国环境质量日益恶化,这不仅给生产生活带来负面影响,也使我国的对外贸易因当前国际社会众多的“绿色贸易壁垒”而面临新的挑战。从长期来看,环境质量的恶化必定会严重制约我国经济和对外贸易的发展,所以要发展低能耗、低排放的清洁产业,在改善环境质量的同时,通过产业结构及贸易结构的升级转变,使经济平稳增长。作为国家宏观调控部门,政府通过发布行政命令和经济政策规范各个经济主体的行为,对我国产业结构调整和治理环境污染产生重大影响。而可计算的一般均衡模型(CGE)能够反映整个经济系统的运行状况,近年来成为政策分析的有力工具,本文拟通过建立贸易与环境政策CGE模型,研究政府实行贸易政策和环境政策对我国宏观经济、污染排放及清洁产业出口的影响,为政府制定政策提出一些建议。本文首先根据清洁度将我国投入产出表的42个部门划分为重度污染产业、中度污染产业、轻度污染产业及非污染产业部门,基于CGE模型对生产活动模块、国际贸易模块、经济主体模块、投资储蓄模块、污染治理模块以及均衡模块进行相互嵌入式的构建的同时,搜集数据编制社会核算矩阵(SAM),通过GAMS计算机软件实现贸易政策与环境政策对经济系统的冲击,并比较各个政策的实施对清洁产业产量及出口的影响。研究结果表明:一、仅对重污染产业降低出口退税,国内生产总值下降,污染物排放量减少,清洁产业的产量和出口量增加;对重度污染产业及中度污染产业都降低出口退税,可以减少污染转移的可能性,污染排放量下降幅度和清洁产业产量、出口量上升幅度更加明显。二、实行对污染排放物征收直接污染税的环境政策,将环境成本内部化,对环境质量的改善效果优于实行出口退税的贸易政策。随着税率的越高,污染治理效果越好,清洁产业产量及出口量都会增加,但是会对国内生产总值带来负面影响。出口退税与征收环境税都会对环境质量有改善作用,对经济增长产生负面影响,不利于我国经济长期发展。模拟两种政策协调使用,对污染排放物征收环境税的同时对清洁产业增加出口退税,可以达到发展清洁产业确保经济增长,改善环境质量的效果。因此建议政府进一步加大对清洁产业的出口补贴力度,实行差异性的环境税收政策,注重政策的协调使用,促进清洁产业发展,带动产业结构升级。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world in the last century, China's economy has made considerable progress, especially after China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), the rate of economic growth has attracted the attention of the world, especially the rapid growth of the export trade of manufactured goods. For the development of our national economy to provide an important power. However, because most of the export products are characterized by high energy consumption and high emissions, the environmental quality of our country is deteriorating day by day, which not only has a negative impact on production and living, China's foreign trade also faces new challenges because of the numerous green trade barriers in the international community. In the long run, the deterioration of environmental quality is bound to seriously restrict the development of China's economy and foreign trade. Therefore, in order to develop a clean industry with low energy consumption and low emissions, while improving the quality of the environment, Through the upgrading and transformation of industrial structure and trade structure, the economy will grow steadily. As a national macro-control department, the government issues administrative orders and economic policies to regulate the behavior of various economic subjects, which has a significant impact on the adjustment of industrial structure and the control of environmental pollution in China. The computable general equilibrium model (CGE), which can reflect the operation of the whole economic system, has become a powerful tool for policy analysis in recent years. In this paper, the CGE model of trade and environment policy is established. This paper studies the influence of the government's trade policy and environmental policy on China's macroeconomic, pollution emission and clean industry export, and puts forward some suggestions for the government to make policies. In this paper, according to cleanliness, 42 departments of input-output table in China are divided into heavy pollution industry, moderate pollution industry, mild pollution industry and non-pollution industry. Based on CGE model, the production activity module and international trade module are analyzed. While the economic main body module, the investment saving module, the pollution control module and the equilibrium module are embedded in each other, This paper collects data to compile social accounting matrix, realizes the impact of trade policy and environmental policy on economic system through GAMS computer software, and compares the impact of various policies on the output and export of clean industry. The results show that: first, only the export tax rebate is reduced for the heavy pollution industry, the gross domestic product (GDP) is decreased, the pollutant discharge is reduced, the output and export volume of the clean industry are increased, and the export tax rebate is reduced for both the heavy pollution industry and the moderate pollution industry. It can reduce the possibility of pollution transfer, decrease the pollution emission and clean industry output, and increase the export volume more obviously. Secondly, we should implement the environmental policy of direct pollution tax on pollution emissions, internalize the environmental cost, and improve the environmental quality better than the trade policy of export tax rebate. With the higher tax rate, the better the pollution control effect, the cleaner industry output and exports will increase, but will have a negative impact on GDP. Both the export tax rebate and the collection of environmental tax will improve the quality of the environment, have a negative impact on economic growth, and are not conducive to the long-term development of China's economy. By simulating the coordinated use of the two policies, levying environmental tax on pollution emissions and increasing export tax rebate on clean industry, the effect of developing clean industry to ensure economic growth and improve environmental quality can be achieved. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should further increase the export subsidy to clean industry, implement different environmental tax policies, pay attention to the coordinated use of policies, promote the development of clean industry, and promote the upgrading of industrial structure.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F752.62;X196

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