马克思劳动价值论的形成及围绕劳动价值论的论争

发布时间：2018-06-13 23:28

本文选题：劳动 + 马克思的劳动价值理论　；参考：《河南大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】： 马克思的劳动价值理论是狭义马克思主义经济学的基础，是说明商品经济和资本主义经济运动规律及其发展趋势的理论武器。马克思主义经济学是发展的科学，在新的历史条件下，我们应该结合新的实际，深化对于劳动和劳动价值理论的认识。马克思的劳动价值论在社会主义社会还是否适用，社会主义的“劳动”和“价值”该如何理解等等问题，一直是经济学理论界关注的焦点，同时也是本文试图回答的问题。论文以马克思主义的基本方法唯物辩证法为指导，历史分析与逻辑分析、实证分析与规范分析相结合，，考察了马克思的劳动价值理论的形成过程，努力正确地理解马克思劳动价值理论的科学内涵，评析了国内外学者围绕马克思劳动价值理论所展开的论争，阐述了在社会主义制度下马克思劳动价值理论的适用性，以及对于我国社会主义社会中的“劳动”和“价值”的理解。论文共分为五个部分：第一部分考察了马克思劳动价值论的形成过程。十九世纪四十年代，马克思自从研究经济学伊始，就将“劳动”和“价值”问题的研究，建立在历史唯物主义的基础上。这正是马克思的劳动价值论与资产阶级经济学的各种价值理论的根本区别。马克思一方面继承了资产阶级古典经济学劳动价值论中的科学成分；另一方面又批判了资产阶级的政治和经济，以及资产阶级经济学。其最早涉及“价值”问题的提法，是“财产的尺度”。他从异化劳动的角度分析，认为价值是财产的市民存在形式，是私有财产对私有财产的抽象关系。劳动是私有财产的活生生的基础，但这里的私有财产是异化了的私有财产。在资本主义生产方式下，人们的劳动所生产的产品不是为了满足人们的需要，而纯粹是为了交换。十九世纪五十年代，是马克思一生从事经济学理论研究的“黄金时期”。这一时期，马克思形成了他的《政治经济学批判》的“六册计划”的宏伟的理论体系，并且确立了商品和价值理论在这一理论体系中的地位，同时，他的劳动价值论也日趋成熟。从而为这一理论在《资本论》中的最后确立和运用，奠定了基础。第二部分阐述了马克思《资本论》中的劳动价值理论。本文从使用价值和价值、价值规律、价值形式、价值的独立性和市场价值五个方面阐述了劳动价值论的内涵。首先，马克思《资本论》中所讲的“价值”是“商品的价值”，而不是其他社会中的(例如原始社会、社会主义社会和共产主义社会中的)“价值”。其次，“商品的价值性质”，是商品生产条件下“私人劳动的特殊社会性质”所采取的特殊的表现形式。再次，商品的价值是指“凝结”或“体现”在商品中的无差别的一般人类劳动，而不是指“直接社会形式的劳动”或“流动状态的劳动”。“价值”体现了生产商品的各种具体有用劳动的社会等同性。第三部分阐述了从马克思逝世以后到20世纪50一60年代这段时期内，国外 (或“在国际上”)围绕马克思劳动价值论的论争。其中包括德国和意大利等国的庸俗经济学家对于马克思劳动价值论的攻击，边际效用学派的攻击，第二国际老修正主义者伯恩施坦的攻击，以及当代资产阶级经济学家对于马克思劳动价值论的攻击等。他们的这些反对和攻击，基本上都是建立在对马克思劳动价值理论的误解的基础之上的，即误认为其是“交换价值或价格的量的决定的理论”，“收入分配”的理论和“剥削理论”等等。第四部分评析了建国以来国内学术界在不同时期关于劳动价值论的四次讨论。第一阶段:过渡时期的新民主主义阶段(1953年一1956年)。第二阶段:从人民公社时期以后的计划经济时期(1959年一1977年)。第三阶段:从十一届三中全会到十四大以前的时期(1978年一1992年)。第四阶段:社会主义市场经济阶段(1992年一2003年)。第五部分论述了社会主义社会的“劳动”和“价值”。在我国社会主义社会，我们应该结合新的历史实际来研究和发展马克思的劳动价值论。“价值规定的内容”是“劳动时间的调节和社会劳动在各类不同生产之间的分配”，是“生产费 Il 用对效用的关系”。在社会主义社会的条件下它应当更多地用来解决生产方面的问题。我国社会主义社会中的“劳动价值论”仍然是“一元”的;但“价值理论” 则可能是“多元”的。应当允许和鼓励在坚持劳动价值论的前提下，进行社会主义社会的价值理论的创新。在“生产劳动一般”中，包括了“脑力劳动”和“一般管理职能”。在“使用价值”中包括了“服务”。“生产劳动的特殊”，则是 “生产劳动”的“特殊的社会形式规定”。在我国当前的条件下，应当从社会主义的本质和社会主义生产目的出发，来判断生产劳动和非生产劳动。
[Abstract]:Marx's theory of labor value is the basis of the narrow sense of Marx's economics. It is a theoretical weapon to explain the law and trend of the movement of commodity economy and capitalist economy. Marx's economics is the science of development. Under the new historical conditions, we should combine the new reality and deepen the theory of labor and labor value. The problem of whether Marx's labor value theory is applicable in socialist society, how to understand the socialist "labor" and "value" and so on, has always been the focus of economic theory, and it is also a question to be answered in this article.
With the guidance of Marx's basic method materialist dialectics, historical analysis and logical analysis, empirical analysis and normative analysis, this paper investigates the formation process of Marx's labor value theory, tries to correctly understand the scientific connotation of Marx's labor value theory, and evaluates the labor value of Marx at home and abroad. The debate in the theory expounds the applicability of Marx's labor value theory under the socialist system, as well as the understanding of "labor" and "value" in the socialist society of our country.
The thesis is divided into five parts:
The first part examines the formation process of Marx's labor theory of value. In 1840s, since the beginning of the study of economics, Marx established the study of "labor" and "value" on the basis of historical materialism. This is the root of the various value theories of Marx's labor theory of value and bourgeois economics. Marx, on the one hand, inherited the scientific elements of the labor value theory of bourgeois classical economics; on the other hand, he criticized the bourgeois politics and economy, as well as the bourgeois economics. The earliest reference to the question of "value" was the "yardstick of property". It is the form of the existence of the property, the abstract relationship between private property and private property. Labor is the living basis of private property, but the private property is a alienated private property. Under the capitalist mode of production, the products produced by people's labor are not to meet the needs of people, but purely for exchange. Ten Ninth Century five
In the ten century, Marx was the "golden period" in which he devoted his life to the study of economic theory. During this period, Marx shaped.
He became the grand theoretical system of his "six volume plan" of the critique of political economy.
The position of product and value theory in this theoretical system, meanwhile, his labor theory of value is becoming more and more mature.
It laid the foundation for the final establishment and application of this theory in the capital.
The second part expounds the theory of labor value in Marx's capital.
The five aspects of value, value law, value form, value independence and market value have expounded the theory of labor value.
First, the value of Marx's "capital" is "commodity value" rather than others.
In the society (such as primitive society, socialist society and Communist society), "value". Secondly, "business".
"The value nature of goods" is a special feature of "special social nature of private labor" under the conditions of commodity production.
Again, the value of commodities refers to the difference between "condensation" or "embodiment" in commodities.
Human labor, rather than "direct social form of labor" or "mobile state labor".
Now there are social equivalency in producing various kinds of concrete useful labor.
The third part describes the period from Marx's death to the 50 and 60s of twentieth Century.
(or "international") controversy over Marx's labor theory of value, including Germany and Italy.
The vulgar economist's attack on Marx's labor theory of value, the attack of the marginal utility school, the second international.
The attack of old revisionist Bernstein and the contemporary bourgeois economists' value for Marx's labor
These attacks and attacks are basically based on Marx's theory of labor value.
On the basis of misunderstanding, it is mistaken for the theory of "the value of exchange value or the determination of price".
The theory of "distribution" and "the theory of exploitation" and so on.
The fourth part reviews the four discussions on the labor theory of value in different periods since the founding of the people's Republic of China.
On the first stage: the new democratic stage during the transitional period (1953, 1956). The second stage: from
The planned economy period after the people's commune (1959 1977). The third stage: from eleven to three.
The period before the plenary session to the 14th National Congress (1978 1992). The fourth stage: the socialist market economy.
Stage (1992, 2003).
The fifth part discusses the "labor" and "value" in socialist society.
We should study and develop Marx's labor theory of value in light of the new historical reality.
Rong "is" the adjustment of labor time and the distribution of social labor among different types of production ".
Il
Under the condition of socialist society, it should be more used to solve production problems.
The "labor theory of value" in our socialist society is still "one yuan", but "value theory".
It should be "pluralistic". We should allow and encourage social leaders to adhere to the premise of the labor theory of value.
The innovation of the value theory of the righteous society includes "mental labor" and "one" in the "general production labor".
The "management function" includes "service" in the "use value".
Under the current conditions of our country, the "special social form regulation" of "productive labor" should be from the social master.
The production of labor and non productive labor is judged by the nature of righteousness and the purpose of socialist production.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F014.2

【引证文献】