人口迁移、就业与收入不平等的变动——基于哈里斯—托达罗模型的分析

发布时间：2018-06-23 09:36

本文选题：人口迁移 + 失业　；参考：《武汉大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：自托达罗模型和哈里斯-托达罗模型(H-T模型)问世以来，由于其对发展中国家城乡人口迁移和城市失业贴近事实的解释，引来了众多研究者的关注，成为研究发展中国家二元经济的重要理论。特别是H-T模型所创立的两部门交易模型成为发展经济学家研究二元经济条件下收入分配的广泛应用的工具。很多学者，如G.Fields，，J.Temple等等都利用H-T模型对二元经济下的收入分配、不平等以及社会福利作了深入的研究。本文按照G.Fields的思路，对原始H-T模型的政策含义进行延伸和扩展，将二元经济的劳工市场政策分为现代部门扩张政策、传统部门丰裕政策以及二者的混合政策，并对三种政策模式带来的就业与收入政策效应进行分析。在本文的分析中，作者引入了农业部门劳动力需求的工资弹性，通过对城市失业水平不变状态下劳动力供给的工资弹性临界值的计算，来深入分析不同劳工市场政策对就业与收入的影响。基于对收入与就业的分析，本文将进一步对不同劳工市场政策或发展模式下的不平等变化进行劳伦兹曲线分析，在劳伦兹曲线交叉，不平等变化不明确时，将引入变差系数辅助分析。劳伦兹曲线是一种直观的不平等分析方法，变差系数的引入则可能给出劳伦兹占优的更为精确的比较。因此在不平等的分析中，变差系数将发挥重要作用。本文的结论是，在经济发展过程中，无论是现代部门扩张政策还是传统部门丰裕政策，效率与公平的相互替代是不可避免的。统筹城乡，实现一体化的发展将在某种程度上更能够保证公平的发展。
[Abstract]:Since the arrival of the tudo model and the Harris tudo model (H-T model), because of its explanation to the fact that the population migration and urban unemployment in the developing countries are close to the fact that the urban unemployment is close to the fact, it has attracted the attention of many researchers and became the important theory to study the two yuan economy of the developing countries. Especially the two sector trading model created by the H-T model. Development economists study the widely used tools of income distribution under the two yuan economy. Many scholars, such as G.Fields, J.Temple and so on, use the H-T model to study the income distribution, inequality and social welfare in the two yuan economy.
This paper extends and expands the policy implications of the original H-T model according to the G.Fields idea, and divides the labor market policy of the two yuan economy into the modern sector expansion policy, the traditional department rich policy and the mixed policy of the two parties, and analyses the employment and income policy effects of the three policy patterns. The author introduces the wage elasticity of the labor demand in the agricultural sector, and analyzes the impact of different labor market policies on employment and income through the calculation of the critical value of the wage elasticity of the labor supply under the condition of the unchanging level of the urban unemployment.
Based on the analysis of income and employment, this paper will further analyze the Lorenz curve of unequal changes in different labor market policies or development models. When the Lorenz curve crosses and the inequality changes are not clear, the variation coefficient will be introduced into the auxiliary analysis. The Lorenz curve is an intuitive unequal analysis method, the coefficient of variation. The introduction of Lorenz may give a more accurate comparison. Therefore, in the analysis of inequality, the coefficient of variation will play an important role.
The conclusion of this paper is that in the process of economic development, it is inevitable that both the expansion policy of the modern sector and the plentiful policy of the traditional sector, the mutual substitution of efficiency and equity is unavoidable. The integration of urban and rural areas and the integration of the urban and rural areas will, to a certain extent, ensure a fair development.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F061.3

【引证文献】