诺斯与马克思“意识形态”理论比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 17:31

本文选题：意识形态 + 生成机制　；参考：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：诺斯和马克思二人,由于其所处历史与文化的时代背景不同,所期望实现的目标不同,造成二者理论上所达到的理论层次和造成的影响也是不一样的。由于马克思关于意识形态的论述比较系统、比较详细,所以我们就从诺斯对意识形态在相关方面所做的分析入手,进而阐述马克思在此观点上的一些看法,并通过这些方面的对比,进而对二者在意识形态方面的观点进行比较和分析。本文主要从内涵、形成机制、社会功能这三个方面进行剖析,他们都认为意识形态来源于人类通过实践活动获得的主观感知,但是马克思强调意识形态的阶级性,强调其是思想的上层建筑;在形成机制上,诺斯是从个体心理——微观认知出发,而马克思则强调意识形态形成的历史性、整体宏观性,分析了意识形态的形成、发展以及消亡的整个过程;在功能分析上,诺斯主要强调意识形态节约社会成本的经济功能,马克思在承认其节约成本的同时,指出了意识形态因其阶级性而造成的社会资源浪费的另一面,不仅指出其维持社会秩序的正面功效,而且指出其对大多数的人的剥削、奴役性,对社会的改革和发展造成阻碍的负面效应。在意识形态与制度变迁的影响方面,诺斯认为意识形态对制度变迁造成路径的依赖性,马克思在承认生产力、生产关系决定各种层次的上层建筑的同时,并没有否认意识形态对社会变革的影响。意识形态影响着人们思维,也同时影响着对社会结构的建构,也因其国家、民族的文化与意识形态的不同,而使所建构的社会结构模式也迥然有异。所以相比马克思而言,诺斯从个体主义的角度,从其正面性对意识形态进行分析,结果就是不能从历史地、辩证地宏观的视角分析其实现的过程,不能解释出其所产生的双重功能与矛盾的特征,同时也不能指出意识形态功能得以存在的历史动力,显得很肤浅和感性。但是,不可否认,诺斯的理论符合现代各国发展经济的要求,在一定程度上对于完善和发展马克思主义也具有一定的启发意义。
[Abstract]:Because of their different historical and cultural backgrounds, the two men, North and Marx, expect to achieve different goals, which result in different theoretical levels and effects. As Marx's exposition on ideology is more systematic and detailed, so we begin with North's analysis of ideology in related aspects, and then expound some of Marx's views on this point of view. And through these aspects of comparison, and then on the ideological point of view are compared and analyzed. This article mainly analyzes from three aspects: connotation, formation mechanism and social function. They all think that ideology comes from the subjective perception obtained by human beings through practical activities, but Marx emphasizes the class nature of ideology. It is emphasized that it is the superstructure of thought, and in forming mechanism, North starts from individual psychology and micro cognition, while Marx emphasizes the history of ideology formation, and analyzes the formation of ideology as a whole. In function analysis, North emphasizes the economic function of ideology saving social cost. Pointing out the other side of the waste of social resources caused by the class nature of ideology, not only its positive effects in maintaining social order, but also its exploitation and servitude of the majority of the population, The negative effect on the reform and development of society. In terms of the influence of ideology and institutional change, North thinks that ideology is dependent on the path of institutional change. Marx acknowledged that productive forces and production relations determined the superstructure at various levels. It does not deny the influence of ideology on social change. Ideology influences people's thinking as well as the construction of social structure. Because of the different cultures and ideologies of their countries and nations, the social structure models are different. Therefore, compared with Marx, North analyzes ideology from the angle of individualism and from its positivity. The result is that the process of its realization cannot be analyzed from a historical, dialectical and macroscopic perspective. It is very superficial and perceptual to explain the features of dual functions and contradictions produced by ideology and to point out the historical motive force for the existence of ideological functions. However, it is undeniable that North's theory meets the requirements of modern countries' economic development, and to a certain extent, it has certain enlightening significance for the perfection and development of Marxism.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F091.91;F091.349

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