社会资本：形成机制与作用机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 03:35

本文选题：社会资本 + 经济增长　；参考：《复旦大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 目前社会资本已成为一个具有很强解释力的跨学科分析框架。各学科的学者都利用社会资本来解释社会经济现象。但是,社会资本的形成机制和作用机制是什么,目前在学术界还没有一个统一的定论。在经济学视角下研究社会资本的形成机制、作用机制和全面研究中国的社会资本水平和变化趋势,是本文研究的三个主要问题。在梳理和综合已有文献的基础上,明确了社会资本的经济学含义,紧紧抓住社会资本的“资本”属性,借鉴社会资本“资源说”理论观点,提出本文对社会资本概念的界定。同时,在分析了目前社会资本概念存在的问题后,确定了已有社会资本概念中的主要元素和本文所界定的社会资本概念的关系。为了全面分析本文提出的研究问题,本文设计了两条研究路径,一是“自下而上”的微观路径；二是“自上而下”的宏观分析路径。本文分别从微观层面上和宏观层面上,分析了社会资本的形成原因。具体而言,在微观层面上(第四章),将社会资本的形成问题抽象为个体行动策略的选择问题,在直接互惠理论框架下,利用博弈演化模型,对社会资本的形成作了分析。得出结论为：个体投资社会资本是个体理性选择的结果,因为个体参与社会网络可以为合作的产生提供必要的条件。在宏观层面上(第五章),首先描述了社会资本在各国之间的差异性。然后分析了产生这种差异的可能原因。最后利用多国数据实证检验了这些因素在社会资本积累过程中的作用。结论为：“政治因素”是影响国家层面社会资本的主要因素,但对社会资本两个维度的影响强度是不同的。第六章和第七章研究的问题是社会资本的作用机制,在第六章,将各层面的社会资本引入到一个一般均衡增长模型中,不但解决了社会资本内生性问题,而且也明确了各个层面的社会资本影响经济增长的基本途径。主要结论有：首先,家庭(或个体)社会资本对人力资本和经济产出的作用是双向的。一方面是正效应,家庭社会资本可以加快人力资本的积累(通过产生高水平的社会信任、高水平的行为规范,提高合作效率、信息流通效率等)。另一方面是负效应,家庭社会资本需要投入时间,在一定的时间限制下这必将会减少投入到人力资本积累和工作上的时间,这个结论也为目前关于社会资本对经济的作用的争议提供了理论依据。其次,在一个拥有强社会效应的社会中,正规机构对社会资本有促进作用,而在一个弱社会效应的社会中,正规机构对家庭社会资本有抑制作用。最后,在考虑社会资本的情况下,传统的经济政策并不一定是社会资本水平的决定因素。第七章,对社会资本对技术创新的作用作了实证分析。结果表明社会资本各维度对技术创新有显著的影响。第八章分别从宏观、微观角度对中国社会资本的态度维度和结构维度进行全面的研究。研究发现：在宏观方面,中国社会资本的态度维度-人际信任在上个世纪90年代初期经历了一个快速下降,然后近15年来一直保持在一定的水平上。在结构维度上,变化呈现出非常不同的特点。在微观层面上,影响我国公民人际信任水平的主要因素是对司法系统的信任水平,虽然网络参与和人际信任呈现了相似的变化趋势,但结构维度不是态度维度的主要影响因素。在个体特征方面,个体的受教育程度对人际信任有显著的影响。受教育程度越高,对他人的信任度越高。另外个体对生活的满意度,是人际信任的主要影响因素。生活满意度对人际信任有促进作用。普特南的“参与公民网络有助于互惠规范的形成,从而有助于信任的产生”基本观点,在中国没有得到支持。
[Abstract]:At present, social capital has become an interdisciplinary analysis framework with strong explanatory power. Scholars in various disciplines have used social capital to explain social and economic phenomena. However, what is the formation mechanism and mechanism of social capital, and there is not a unified theory in the academic world at present.
From the perspective of economics, it is the three main problems to study the formation mechanism of social capital, the mechanism of action and the comprehensive study of the social capital level and the trend of change in China.
On the basis of combing and synthesizing the existing literature, the economic meaning of social capital is clarified, the "capital" attribute of social capital is firmly grasped, and the concept of social capital is defined for reference by the theory of "resource theory" of social capital. At the same time, the existing social capital concept has been analyzed, and the existing society has been determined. The relationship between the main elements of the concept of capital and the concept of social capital defined in this paper.
In order to comprehensively analyze the research problems proposed in this article, this paper designs two research paths, one is "bottom-up" micro path, and the two is the macro analysis path of "top-down".
In this paper, the reasons for the formation of social capital are analyzed from the micro level and the macro level. On the micro level (fourth chapter), the formation of social capital is abstracted as the choice of individual action strategy. Under the framework of direct reciprocity, the formation of social capital is analyzed by using the game evolution model. The conclusion is that individual investment social capital is the result of individual rational choice, because individual participation in social network can provide necessary conditions for the production of cooperation. At the macro level (fifth chapter), it first describes the difference between social capital in various countries. Then it analyzes the possible reasons for this difference. Finally, it uses many countries. The data empirically tested the role of these factors in the process of social capital accumulation. The conclusion is that "political factors" are the main factors affecting the social capital at the national level, but the influence intensity on the two dimensions of social capital is different.
The sixth chapter and the seventh chapter are the mechanism of social capital. In the sixth chapter, the social capital is introduced into a general equilibrium growth model, which not only solves the problem of social capital, but also defines the basic ways of social capital affecting economic growth at all levels. The main conclusions are: first, The role of family (or individual) social capital in human capital and economic output is two-way. On the one hand, it is positive effect. Family social capital can accelerate the accumulation of human capital (by producing high level of social trust, high standard of behavior, improving cooperation efficiency, efficiency of credit circulation, etc.). On the other hand, negative effect, family social capital It is necessary to invest time, which will reduce the time of human capital accumulation and work under a certain time limit. This conclusion also provides a theoretical basis for the current dispute about the role of social capital on the economy. Secondly, in a society with strong social effects, the regular institutions have a promoting effect on social capital. In a society with a weak social effect, formal institutions have an inhibitory effect on family social capital. In the end, in the case of social capital, the traditional economic policy is not necessarily a decisive factor in the level of social capital.
The seventh chapter makes an empirical analysis of the effect of social capital on technological innovation. The results show that all dimensions of social capital have a significant impact on technological innovation.
The eighth chapter makes a comprehensive study of the dimensions and dimensions of China's social capital from the macro and micro perspectives.
On the macro level, the attitude dimension of Chinese social capital, interpersonal trust, experienced a rapid decline in the early 90s of last century, and then remained at a certain level for the last 15 years. In the structural dimension, the changes have been very different.
At the micro level, the main factors that affect the level of interpersonal trust in China are the level of trust in the judicial system. Although the network participation and interpersonal trust have shown a similar trend of change, the structure dimension is not the main influence factor of the attitude dimension.
In terms of individual characteristics, the degree of individual's education has a significant influence on interpersonal trust. The higher the degree of education, the higher the degree of trust to others. In addition, the satisfaction of the individual to life is the main influence factor of interpersonal trust. Life satisfaction has a promoting effect on interpersonal trust.
Putnam's basic view of "participation in civic networks helps to form reciprocal norms, thereby contributing to the emergence of trust" has not been supported in China.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F092.7

【引证文献】