水库移民补偿理论与实证研究
发布时间：2018-07-17 07:49
【摘要】：大规模的工程建设一方面产生了巨大的经济效益和社会效益,促进了社会的发 展;另一方面需要征用大量土地而产生了越来越艰巨的移民安置问题。水库移民是工 程移民安置中最为复杂的一种活动。从历史经验来看,水利水电工程建设给移民带来 的经济和社会负面影响并没有在工程建设成本中得到真实的反映,移民搬迁后不能获 得足额的补偿,受影响的人群不公平地承担了工程建设带来的经济和社会成本,基本 的生产条件和生活条件得不到恢复,导致生活水平严重下降,陷入长期的贫困中。移 民的贫困与工程本身产生的巨大社会和经济效益形成强烈的反差。随着市场经济体制 的建立与完善,国家与移民之间的利益关系需要重新定义。市场经济的公平原则要求 国家、工程业主和移民在平等的基础上正确地处理移民安置过程中的经济关系,协商 移民补偿方式与标准,保证移民在搬迁后生活水平得到恢复和改善,使真正移民成为 水利水电资源开发的受益者。但我国目前移民补偿理论仍然带有浓厚的计划经济思维 特征,移民补偿机制没有建立在市场机制之上,移民补偿标准没能反映移民损失的真 实价值,移民补偿方式比较单一,移民没有成为工程的受益者。因此,认真研究市场 经济条件下移民补偿问题,对于保障移民基本权利、促进社会公平、实现水利水电资 源的合理配置、促进水利水电资源的合理开发与利用具有重要意义。 本文从水库移民的性质和特点出发,分析了水库移民补偿在水库移民经济社会系 统重建中的地位,指出在非自愿移民迁移中,成本-收益理论仍然发生作用,合理的 移民补偿对实现水库移民搬迁由非自愿性向自愿性转变起主要作用。要实现水库移民 由非自愿性向自愿性转变,必须使移民在迁移后的收益大于成本,那么就要对移民淹 没的真实损失进行合理的评估。 对于受淹土地价值的评估,本文指出传统的收益倍数法低估了土地的价值,土地 对移民的价值主要体现在其所具有的社会保障价值,并对社会保障价值进行了分析与 计算。对移民的损失进行补偿时不能只是以看得见的有形损失为依据,移民无形的社 会损失也是移民损失的重要组成部分。只有分配了与移民的真实损失相匹配的移民补 偿资金,移民经济社会系统的重建才有可靠的基础。 由于水利水电工程巨大的外部性,使得政府对这种外部性进行校正成为必要。但 政府对水利水电工程外部性不恰当的校正方式使水利水电工程的受益着和受损者之 间的收益和成本的分配出现错位。本文指出政府在有限的工程资金的约束下,利用自 I WP=4 身既是业主又是移民补偿标准的制定者的条件通过压低移民补偿标准减少工程总投 资,从而导致移民补偿投资的不足,资源的配置不能达到泊累托最优,导致淹没区越 来越贫穷,受益区越来越富的“马太效应”。本文认为仅仅对移民的财产损失进行补 偿是不够的,应确保移民参与工程效益的分配。 为了建立起完善的移民补偿机制,必须改变目前传统的行政色彩很浓的具有扶贫 与救济性质的工程效益分享政策,以淹没区资源价值转移理论为依据,让移民以投资 者的身份参与工程效益的分享,建立起受淹区与受益区之间的合理利益分配机制。 本文强调移民补偿政策的完善需要借鉴发达国家和发展中国家的经验教训。世界 银行在制定移民政策方面走在世界的前列,其移民补偿政策对发展中国家的移民补偿 政策的制定产生了巨大影响。发达国家的移民补偿政策是建立在市场经济等价交换的 基础上,对于正处于社会主义市场经济初级阶段的中国具有一定的借鉴意义。发展中 国家在移民补偿政策方面存在的问题所引起的移民安置的社会经济问题值得中国的 重视。中国的移民补偿政策与过去相比有了很大的改进,但需要根据新的社会经济环 境进行调整和完善。 为了为移民补偿理论的完善寻找论据,本文以三峡工程作为案例进行了实证研 究。通过对三峡工程的移民安置以及补偿政策的制定和实施进行实地调查,掌握了大 量的第一手资料,对三峡工程移民补偿政策的有关内容进行了分析,对移民补偿政策 实施过程的存在问题进行了剖析,提出了进一步完善三峡工程移民补偿政策的建议。
[Abstract]:The large - scale project construction has produced great economic and social benefits on the one hand , and promoted the development of society
On the other hand , a lot of land is needed to create more and more difficult resettlement problems . Reservoir migrants are labor .
One of the most complex activities in the resettlement of water conservancy and hydropower projects .
The negative impact of the economic and social impacts of the project is not reflected in the construction cost , and the migration cannot be obtained after the migration
in order to obtain full compensation , the affected people unfairly assume the economic and social cost of the construction , and basically
The conditions of production and living conditions are not restored , leading to a serious decline in the standard of living and into the long - term poverty .
The poverty of the people and the huge social and economic benefits of the project itself form a strong contrast . With the market economic system
The establishment and perfection of the relationship between the state and the immigration need to be redefined . The fair principle of the market economy demands
The state , the project owner and the migrants correctly handle the economic relations and consultations in the resettlement process on the basis of equality
Migration compensation methods and standards to ensure that migrants are restored and improved after the relocation and that real immigrants are made to become immigrants
However , China ' s current migration compensation theory still has a strong planned economy thinking .
Characteristics , the migration compensation mechanism has not been established on the market mechanism , the migration compensation standard does not reflect the true of the immigrant ' s loss
The real value , the migration compensation method is relatively single , the migration has not become the beneficiary of the project . Therefore , serious research on the market
The problem of migration compensation under economic conditions is to guarantee the fundamental rights of migrants , promote social equity and realize water conservancy and hydropower .
The rational allocation of the source is of great significance to the rational exploitation and utilization of water conservancy and hydropower resources .
Based on the characteristics and characteristics of reservoir migration , this paper analyzes the reservoir migration compensation in reservoir migration and society system .
In the non - voluntary migration , the cost - benefit theory still plays a role and is reasonable
Migration compensation plays a major role in realizing reservoir migration from voluntary to voluntary , and to realize reservoir resettlement .
By non - voluntary transition to voluntary nature , the return of migrants to migration must be greater than the cost , then flooding
No real loss is reasonably evaluated .
For the evaluation of the value of flooded land , this paper points out that the traditional income multiplier method underestimated the value of the land and the land
The value of the immigrants is mainly reflected in the social security value , and the social security value is analyzed .
In the case of compensation for the loss of migrants , it is not only based on visible loss of tangible property , nor is it an immigrant intangible news agency
The loss is also an important component of the loss of migrants . Only immigrants who have been assigned to match the real losses of migrants
The reconstruction of the economic and social system of migrants is based on a reliable basis .
Due to the huge external nature of water conservancy and hydropower project , it is necessary for the government to correct the external nature .
The government has benefited and damaged the water conservancy and hydropower project by improper correction of the exterior of water conservancy and hydropower project
This paper points out that the government takes advantage of the constraints of limited engineering funds .
I
WP=4
The condition of the maker who is both the owner and the immigration compensation standard is to reduce the total project investment by lowering the immigration compensation standard
Funding , which leads to the shortage of investment compensation investment , the allocation of resources can not reach the Pareto optimal , which leads to flooding area .
The more poverty comes , the benefit area is getting richer and more " Matthew effect " . This article argues that only compensation for the property losses of immigrants
It is not enough to ensure that migrants are involved in the allocation of engineering benefits .
In order to establish a perfect mechanism for migration compensation , it is necessary to change the present traditional administrative color which is rich in poverty alleviation .
Benefit - sharing policy with relief nature , based on the theory of the transfer of resources value in the flooded area , let the immigrants invest in investment
The identity of the person is involved in the sharing of the benefits of the project , and a reasonable profit distribution mechanism between the flooded area and the beneficiary area is established .
This paper emphasizes that the improvement of immigration compensation policy needs to learn from the experiences and lessons of developed and developing countries .
Banks are at the forefront of the world in the development of immigration policies , and their immigration - compensation policies are compensating for the migration of developing countries
The formulation of policies has had a tremendous impact . The migration compensation policy of developed countries is based on the exchange of market economy
On the base , China has certain reference significance for China which is in the primary stage of socialist market economy .
The socio - economic aspects of the resettlement of migrants arising from the problems of the State in the area of immigration compensation are worth China
China ' s immigration compensation policy has improved considerably over the past , but needs to be based on the new socio - economic ring
Adjustment and improvement of the environment .
In order to find the basis for the perfection of the theory of migration compensation , this paper studies the Three Gorges Project as a case .
At the same time , through the investigation of the resettlement of the Three Gorges Project and the formulation and implementation of the compensation policy , the author has mastered the large scale of the Three Gorges Project .
According to the first hand data of the quantity , the relevant contents of the resettlement compensation policy of the Three Gorges Project are analyzed , and the immigration compensation policy is adopted .
This paper analyzes the existing problems of the implementation process , and puts forward some suggestions for further improving the resettlement compensation policy of the Three Gorges Project .
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F0
本文编号：2129667
[Abstract]:The large - scale project construction has produced great economic and social benefits on the one hand , and promoted the development of society
On the other hand , a lot of land is needed to create more and more difficult resettlement problems . Reservoir migrants are labor .
One of the most complex activities in the resettlement of water conservancy and hydropower projects .
The negative impact of the economic and social impacts of the project is not reflected in the construction cost , and the migration cannot be obtained after the migration
in order to obtain full compensation , the affected people unfairly assume the economic and social cost of the construction , and basically
The conditions of production and living conditions are not restored , leading to a serious decline in the standard of living and into the long - term poverty .
The poverty of the people and the huge social and economic benefits of the project itself form a strong contrast . With the market economic system
The establishment and perfection of the relationship between the state and the immigration need to be redefined . The fair principle of the market economy demands
The state , the project owner and the migrants correctly handle the economic relations and consultations in the resettlement process on the basis of equality
Migration compensation methods and standards to ensure that migrants are restored and improved after the relocation and that real immigrants are made to become immigrants
However , China ' s current migration compensation theory still has a strong planned economy thinking .
Characteristics , the migration compensation mechanism has not been established on the market mechanism , the migration compensation standard does not reflect the true of the immigrant ' s loss
The real value , the migration compensation method is relatively single , the migration has not become the beneficiary of the project . Therefore , serious research on the market
The problem of migration compensation under economic conditions is to guarantee the fundamental rights of migrants , promote social equity and realize water conservancy and hydropower .
The rational allocation of the source is of great significance to the rational exploitation and utilization of water conservancy and hydropower resources .
Based on the characteristics and characteristics of reservoir migration , this paper analyzes the reservoir migration compensation in reservoir migration and society system .
In the non - voluntary migration , the cost - benefit theory still plays a role and is reasonable
Migration compensation plays a major role in realizing reservoir migration from voluntary to voluntary , and to realize reservoir resettlement .
By non - voluntary transition to voluntary nature , the return of migrants to migration must be greater than the cost , then flooding
No real loss is reasonably evaluated .
For the evaluation of the value of flooded land , this paper points out that the traditional income multiplier method underestimated the value of the land and the land
The value of the immigrants is mainly reflected in the social security value , and the social security value is analyzed .
In the case of compensation for the loss of migrants , it is not only based on visible loss of tangible property , nor is it an immigrant intangible news agency
The loss is also an important component of the loss of migrants . Only immigrants who have been assigned to match the real losses of migrants
The reconstruction of the economic and social system of migrants is based on a reliable basis .
Due to the huge external nature of water conservancy and hydropower project , it is necessary for the government to correct the external nature .
The government has benefited and damaged the water conservancy and hydropower project by improper correction of the exterior of water conservancy and hydropower project
This paper points out that the government takes advantage of the constraints of limited engineering funds .
I
WP=4
The condition of the maker who is both the owner and the immigration compensation standard is to reduce the total project investment by lowering the immigration compensation standard
Funding , which leads to the shortage of investment compensation investment , the allocation of resources can not reach the Pareto optimal , which leads to flooding area .
The more poverty comes , the benefit area is getting richer and more " Matthew effect " . This article argues that only compensation for the property losses of immigrants
It is not enough to ensure that migrants are involved in the allocation of engineering benefits .
In order to establish a perfect mechanism for migration compensation , it is necessary to change the present traditional administrative color which is rich in poverty alleviation .
Benefit - sharing policy with relief nature , based on the theory of the transfer of resources value in the flooded area , let the immigrants invest in investment
The identity of the person is involved in the sharing of the benefits of the project , and a reasonable profit distribution mechanism between the flooded area and the beneficiary area is established .
This paper emphasizes that the improvement of immigration compensation policy needs to learn from the experiences and lessons of developed and developing countries .
Banks are at the forefront of the world in the development of immigration policies , and their immigration - compensation policies are compensating for the migration of developing countries
The formulation of policies has had a tremendous impact . The migration compensation policy of developed countries is based on the exchange of market economy
On the base , China has certain reference significance for China which is in the primary stage of socialist market economy .
The socio - economic aspects of the resettlement of migrants arising from the problems of the State in the area of immigration compensation are worth China
China ' s immigration compensation policy has improved considerably over the past , but needs to be based on the new socio - economic ring
Adjustment and improvement of the environment .
In order to find the basis for the perfection of the theory of migration compensation , this paper studies the Three Gorges Project as a case .
At the same time , through the investigation of the resettlement of the Three Gorges Project and the formulation and implementation of the compensation policy , the author has mastered the large scale of the Three Gorges Project .
According to the first hand data of the quantity , the relevant contents of the resettlement compensation policy of the Three Gorges Project are analyzed , and the immigration compensation policy is adopted .
This paper analyzes the existing problems of the implementation process , and puts forward some suggestions for further improving the resettlement compensation policy of the Three Gorges Project .
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F0
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 杨帆;水库移民安置监测与评估方法研究[D];天津大学;2006年
，本文编号：2129667
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jingjilunwen/jingjililun/2129667.html
