公共物品两难情境中奖惩系统对合作行为以及信任的影响研究
发布时间：2018-07-21 14:17
【摘要】： 公共物品两难一直当代心理学研究的重要课题。先前大量的研究表明奖惩系统能够有效地提高个体在该情境中的合作以及信任水平。在实际的操作过程中,奖惩系统的执行形式可以有:金钱奖励、金钱惩罚、赞许以及批评等四种类型。然而随着研究的深入,越来越多的研究者意识到奖惩系统消极作用,特别是它对内在动机的破坏作用。本研究采用Reeson和Tisdell(2004)的研究范式(包括三个独立的阶段:阶段1不包含奖惩系统,阶段2设立奖惩系统,阶段3奖惩系统撤除)重点探讨奖惩系统对个体合作行为的内在动机以及对他人由于内在动机而合作的信任的破坏作用,同时比较各种奖惩系统在该层面上的差异性。整个研究由两个实验所组成,共有120名被试参与了实验,其中实验1探讨了在无回馈下限的公共物品情境中金钱奖惩系统(金钱奖励和金钱惩罚)对个体内在动机和信任的消极作用,同时比较了金钱奖惩系统对不同社会价值导向的个体的合作行为和信任水平的影响差异。实验2重点探讨了在有回馈下限的公共物品两难情境中不同类型的社会奖惩系统(赞许和批评)对内在动机和信任的消极作用,同时比较了它们与金钱奖惩系统之间的影响差异。研究得出了以下结论: (1)当金钱奖惩系统撤除后,个体在第三阶段的合作水平和信任水平显著地低于第一阶段。 (2)在金钱奖惩系统作用下,个体竞争导向和亲社会导向的被试在第二阶段的合作水平和信任水平无差异。在撤销金钱奖惩系统之后,两类被试之间的差异不能恢复。 (3)相对于金钱奖惩系统,当社会批评撤除后,个体在第三阶段的合作水平和信任水平下降的程度较大。 (4)相对于无奖惩系统情境下,个体在奖惩系统(包括金钱奖惩系统和社会奖惩系统)情境下合作水平和信任水平较高。 (5)相对于金钱惩罚,个体在金钱奖励情境下合作水平和信任水平较高。 (6)相对于社会奖惩系统,个体在金钱奖惩系统情境下合作水平以及信任水平较高。 (7)相对于无回馈下限的公共物品两难情境,个体在有回馈下限的情境中合作水平和信任水平较高。
[Abstract]:The public goods dilemma has been an important subject of contemporary psychological research. A large number of previous studies have shown that rewards and punishment systems can effectively improve the individual's cooperation and trust in this situation. In the actual operation, the execution forms of rewards and punishment system can include four types of reward and punishment system: money reward, monetary punishment, praise and criticism. With the deepening of the research, more and more researchers are aware of the negative role of the reward and punishment system, especially its destruction to internal motivation. This study adopts the research paradigm of Reeson and Tisdell (2004) (including three independent stages: Stage 1 does not include reward and punishment system, order 2 set up reward and punishment system, stage 3 reward and punishment system withdrawal). To discuss the intrinsic motivation of the reward and punishment system on individual cooperative behavior and the destruction of trust in the cooperation of others because of internal motivation, and to compare the differences of various rewards and punishment systems at this level. The whole study consists of two experiments and 120 subjects participated in the experiment, of which Experiment 1 explored public objects in the lower limit of feedback. The negative effects of monetary rewards and punishment system (monetary reward and monetary punishment) on individual intrinsic motivation and trust, and the difference in the influence of monetary reward and punishment system on the cooperative behavior and trust level of different social value oriented individuals. Experiment 2 focuses on the different classes in the public goods dilemma situation with the feedback lower limit. The negative effects of the social rewards and punishments system (praise and criticism) on internal motivation and trust, and the difference between them and money rewards and punishment systems.
(1) when the monetary reward and punishment system is removed, the level of cooperation and trust level of individuals in the third stage is significantly lower than that in the first stage.
(2) under the role of monetary reward and punishment system, there is no difference in the level of cooperation and trust between the individual competition oriented and the pro social oriented subjects in the second stage. After the revocation of the monetary reward and punishment system, the differences between the two types of subjects can not be recovered.
(3) relative to the money reward and punishment system, when the social criticism is removed, the level of cooperation and trust level of individuals in the third stage will decline.
(4) compared with the system without rewards and punishment, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in the situation of rewards and punishment system, including money reward and punishment system and social reward and punishment system.
(5) compared with money punishment, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in money reward situations.
(6) compared with the social reward and punishment system, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in the context of money reward and punishment system.
(7) compared to the public goods dilemma scenario with no feedback lower limit, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in situations where there is a lower feedback limit.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F224;F062.6
本文编号：2135796
[Abstract]:The public goods dilemma has been an important subject of contemporary psychological research. A large number of previous studies have shown that rewards and punishment systems can effectively improve the individual's cooperation and trust in this situation. In the actual operation, the execution forms of rewards and punishment system can include four types of reward and punishment system: money reward, monetary punishment, praise and criticism. With the deepening of the research, more and more researchers are aware of the negative role of the reward and punishment system, especially its destruction to internal motivation. This study adopts the research paradigm of Reeson and Tisdell (2004) (including three independent stages: Stage 1 does not include reward and punishment system, order 2 set up reward and punishment system, stage 3 reward and punishment system withdrawal). To discuss the intrinsic motivation of the reward and punishment system on individual cooperative behavior and the destruction of trust in the cooperation of others because of internal motivation, and to compare the differences of various rewards and punishment systems at this level. The whole study consists of two experiments and 120 subjects participated in the experiment, of which Experiment 1 explored public objects in the lower limit of feedback. The negative effects of monetary rewards and punishment system (monetary reward and monetary punishment) on individual intrinsic motivation and trust, and the difference in the influence of monetary reward and punishment system on the cooperative behavior and trust level of different social value oriented individuals. Experiment 2 focuses on the different classes in the public goods dilemma situation with the feedback lower limit. The negative effects of the social rewards and punishments system (praise and criticism) on internal motivation and trust, and the difference between them and money rewards and punishment systems.
(1) when the monetary reward and punishment system is removed, the level of cooperation and trust level of individuals in the third stage is significantly lower than that in the first stage.
(2) under the role of monetary reward and punishment system, there is no difference in the level of cooperation and trust between the individual competition oriented and the pro social oriented subjects in the second stage. After the revocation of the monetary reward and punishment system, the differences between the two types of subjects can not be recovered.
(3) relative to the money reward and punishment system, when the social criticism is removed, the level of cooperation and trust level of individuals in the third stage will decline.
(4) compared with the system without rewards and punishment, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in the situation of rewards and punishment system, including money reward and punishment system and social reward and punishment system.
(5) compared with money punishment, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in money reward situations.
(6) compared with the social reward and punishment system, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in the context of money reward and punishment system.
(7) compared to the public goods dilemma scenario with no feedback lower limit, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in situations where there is a lower feedback limit.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F224;F062.6
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 李明;公共服务动机的扩展研究[D];南京师范大学;2011年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 武艳英;社会两难情景下自我效能感、反馈与奖励对合作行为的影响研究[D];内蒙古师范大学;2010年
，本文编号：2135796
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