政府管制的经济分析
发布时间：2018-08-03 09:29
【摘要】：本文是一个对政府凭借行政权力作出的管制行为所进行的研究，目的在于分析和说明是否需要以及在多大程度上需要政府管制。本文的研究主要从以下几个方面展开： 首先，为了能够系统全面地回答是否需要以及在多大程度上需要政府管制这一问题，我们在第一章的导论中确立了本文的研究范围、研究方法和分析思路。 对于研究范围的确定，我们选择了从政府管制的理由和政府与市场的关系方面入手进行分析。经过对市场机制在资源配置方面的效率及其缺陷的分析，以及对政府本质的分析，我们认为，尽管存在市场缺陷，市场仍是进行资源配置的一种主要的和有效的机制；而政府的起源决定了政府的本质只是公众转让的社会权力的一种执行机构，而不是资源配置的主导力量，只是由于市场在引导社会资源的配置过程中存在这样或那样的缺陷，才存在了政府参与资源配置的可能。考虑到市场缺陷的多样性和政府参与资源配置方式的多样性(政府管制只是其中的一种)，我们进而对市场缺陷的类别和政府参与资源配置的方式与手段进行了分析，并由此将政府管制的理由确定在了自然垄断、负外部性、正外部性和信息不对称等市场缺陷方面。但是，我们指出，自然垄断、负外部性、正外部性和信息不对称等市场缺陷只是为致府管制提供了可能，最终是否真正需要政府管制需要经过仔细地比较分析政府管与不管的结果方可确定。可以认为，本文的研究过程正是这样一个比较分析政府管与不管的过程。因此，本文的研究范围便很清晰地确定在了政府对自然垄断的管制、政府对负外部性的管制、政府对正外部性的管制和政府对信息不对称的管制等四个方面；政府管制的经济分析过程实际上也就是为了回答是否需要以及在多大程度上需要政府管制这一问题而对上述四个领域的政府管与不管进行比较分析的过程。 在对政府管制进行经济分析的过程中，本文主要采取了理论实证研究方法，因而论述的过程比较多的将是一种抽象的推理过程。在一些场合中我们也使用到了经验实证的研究方法，有时也涉及到了实验经济学的研究方法。 本文的分析思路简单说起来，大致上可以归纳为四个步骤：第一步分析市场缺陷的经济表现及其效率损失；第二步分析市场条件下解决市场缺陷的可能性及其约束条件：第三步分析政府管制解决市场缺陷的可能性及其约束条件；第四步比较分析两种解决市场缺陷的机制并对是否需要以及在多大程度上需要政府管制的问题作出倾向性的评价。评价的依据主要是效率标准。 其次，根据在导论中确定的研究范围、研究方法和分析思路，我们在第二章至第五章的内容中分别对自然垄断、负外部性、正外部性和信息不对称等市场缺陷的政府管制逐个展开了研究分析。 第二章是对政府对自然垄断的管制所做的经济分析。在这一章里，，我们首先规范地描述了自然垄断的经济特性及其由该经济特性所决定的对管制的需求；然后主要围绕价格管制手段对政府管制自然垄断的可能性进行了详尽的分析。分析的基本结论是不存在任何一种既能保证生产效率又能避免垄断弊端的解决自然垄断问题的管制方案。由此，我们进而对政府管制自然垄断的合意性提出了质疑，并对价格歧视及其福利含义作了详尽的理论与经验实证分析。质疑和分析的结果表明，即使垄断会因自然(技术)原因而存在，我们也不一定有充
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to analyze and explain the need for and to what extent government regulation is needed by the government by administrative power. The research of this paper is mainly carried out in the following aspects:
First of all, in order to answer the question of whether the system needs to be fully answered and to what extent the government needs to be regulated, we have established the scope of the study, the method of research and the thinking of the analysis in the introduction to the first chapter.
To determine the scope of the study, we choose to analyze the reasons for government regulation and the relationship between the government and the market. Through the analysis of the efficiency and defects of the market mechanism in the allocation of resources and the analysis of the nature of the government, we believe that the market is still a resource allocation, although it is in the market defect. The origin of the government determines that the nature of the government is only an executive agency for the social power transferred by the public, not the dominant force in the allocation of resources, but only because the market exists in the process of guiding the allocation of social resources so that the government participates in the allocation of resources. Yes. Considering the diversity of market defects and the diversity of government participation in the allocation of resources (government regulation is only one of them), we then analyze the categories of market defects and the ways and means of government participation in the allocation of resources, and thus determine the reason for government regulation in natural monopoly, negative externality and positive externality. However, we point out that market defects such as natural monopoly, negative externality, positive externality and information asymmetry are only possible for government regulation, and ultimately whether government regulation is really needed is to be carefully compared and analyzed by government management and no matter the result. The research process is a comparative analysis of the process of government management and no matter. Therefore, the scope of this study is clearly defined in the government's control of natural monopoly, the government's control of the negative externality, the government's control of the positive externality and the government's control of information asymmetry, and the economic analysis of government regulation. The process is actually a process of comparative analysis of government management in the above four areas in order to answer the question of whether or not it needs to be regulated by the government.
In the process of economic analysis of government regulation, this paper mainly adopts a theoretical empirical research method, so the process of discussion will be an abstract reasoning process. In some cases, we also use empirical empirical research methods, and sometimes it also involves the research methods of experimental economics.
The analysis of this paper can be simply summed up in four steps: the first step is to analyze the economic performance of market defects and the loss of efficiency; the second step is to analyze the possibility and constraints of market defects under market conditions: the third step analysis the possibility and constraints of government regulation to solve market defects; The fourth step is to compare and analyze the two mechanisms to solve market defects and to make a tendency to evaluate the need for and to the extent to which the government needs to be regulated. The basis of the evaluation is mainly the efficiency standard.
Secondly, according to the scope of research, research methods and analysis ideas in the introduction, we analyze the government regulation of market defects such as natural monopoly, negative externality, positive externality and information asymmetry in the contents of second chapters to fifth chapters.
The second chapter is the economic analysis of the government's control of natural monopoly. In this chapter, we first describe the economic characteristics of natural monopoly and the demand for regulation determined by the economic characteristics, and then the possibility of the self monopoly control of government regulation is analyzed in detail around the price control means. The basic conclusion of the analysis is that there is no control scheme to solve the problem of natural monopoly which can not only guarantee the efficiency of production but also avoid the abuse of monopoly. In this way, we then question the consensual nature of the government's control of natural monopoly, and make a detailed theoretical and empirical analysis of price discrimination and its welfare. The analysis shows that even if monopolies exist due to natural (technological) reasons, we will not necessarily have sufficient charges.
【学位授予单位】：上海财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F062.6
本文编号：2161318
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to analyze and explain the need for and to what extent government regulation is needed by the government by administrative power. The research of this paper is mainly carried out in the following aspects:
First of all, in order to answer the question of whether the system needs to be fully answered and to what extent the government needs to be regulated, we have established the scope of the study, the method of research and the thinking of the analysis in the introduction to the first chapter.
To determine the scope of the study, we choose to analyze the reasons for government regulation and the relationship between the government and the market. Through the analysis of the efficiency and defects of the market mechanism in the allocation of resources and the analysis of the nature of the government, we believe that the market is still a resource allocation, although it is in the market defect. The origin of the government determines that the nature of the government is only an executive agency for the social power transferred by the public, not the dominant force in the allocation of resources, but only because the market exists in the process of guiding the allocation of social resources so that the government participates in the allocation of resources. Yes. Considering the diversity of market defects and the diversity of government participation in the allocation of resources (government regulation is only one of them), we then analyze the categories of market defects and the ways and means of government participation in the allocation of resources, and thus determine the reason for government regulation in natural monopoly, negative externality and positive externality. However, we point out that market defects such as natural monopoly, negative externality, positive externality and information asymmetry are only possible for government regulation, and ultimately whether government regulation is really needed is to be carefully compared and analyzed by government management and no matter the result. The research process is a comparative analysis of the process of government management and no matter. Therefore, the scope of this study is clearly defined in the government's control of natural monopoly, the government's control of the negative externality, the government's control of the positive externality and the government's control of information asymmetry, and the economic analysis of government regulation. The process is actually a process of comparative analysis of government management in the above four areas in order to answer the question of whether or not it needs to be regulated by the government.
In the process of economic analysis of government regulation, this paper mainly adopts a theoretical empirical research method, so the process of discussion will be an abstract reasoning process. In some cases, we also use empirical empirical research methods, and sometimes it also involves the research methods of experimental economics.
The analysis of this paper can be simply summed up in four steps: the first step is to analyze the economic performance of market defects and the loss of efficiency; the second step is to analyze the possibility and constraints of market defects under market conditions: the third step analysis the possibility and constraints of government regulation to solve market defects; The fourth step is to compare and analyze the two mechanisms to solve market defects and to make a tendency to evaluate the need for and to the extent to which the government needs to be regulated. The basis of the evaluation is mainly the efficiency standard.
Secondly, according to the scope of research, research methods and analysis ideas in the introduction, we analyze the government regulation of market defects such as natural monopoly, negative externality, positive externality and information asymmetry in the contents of second chapters to fifth chapters.
The second chapter is the economic analysis of the government's control of natural monopoly. In this chapter, we first describe the economic characteristics of natural monopoly and the demand for regulation determined by the economic characteristics, and then the possibility of the self monopoly control of government regulation is analyzed in detail around the price control means. The basic conclusion of the analysis is that there is no control scheme to solve the problem of natural monopoly which can not only guarantee the efficiency of production but also avoid the abuse of monopoly. In this way, we then question the consensual nature of the government's control of natural monopoly, and make a detailed theoretical and empirical analysis of price discrimination and its welfare. The analysis shows that even if monopolies exist due to natural (technological) reasons, we will not necessarily have sufficient charges.
【学位授予单位】：上海财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F062.6
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 白涛;房地产业的政府管制[D];暨南大学;2008年
本文编号：2161318
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