公共物品市场化供给研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 14:49

【摘要】：公共物品作为人类公共利益的载体，是满足社会公共需要，实现社会共同利益的重要途径。政府机制和市场机制是实现社会资源有效配置的两种最基本的制度安排。由于公共物品所具有的非竞争性、非排他性等特征，在人们以往的观念中，公共物品的供给中存在着“市场失灵”，即市场机制不能自发地进行公共资源的有效配置，从而无法实现公共物品的有效供给，因此，自国家和政府产生以来，提供公共物品便成为政府的天职。然而现实中的政府行为并非完美，由政府提供公共物品虽然解决了“搭便车”行为，却出现了公共物品有效供给不足、政府供给效率低下、政府资金短缺、政府寻租等种种新的问题，造成了所谓的“政府失灵”。面对公众对公共物品不断增长的需求，如何更加有效的提供公共物品便成为各国政府追求的一个共同目标。本文从公共物品的性质、分类等基本理论出发，首先利用公共选择理论及自由主义经济学家的观点，对政府垄断公共物品供给存在的问题、公共物品市场化供给的必要性、可能性、内在依据及条件等进行了理论分析，提出了公共物品市场化供给的6条内在依据。其次，结合理论分析，对西方新公共管理运动在公共物品市场化供给中的制度安排、实践形式、实践效果等进行了实证考察。在此基础上，结合公共物品市场化供给中出现的问题，对政府在市场化中的作用进行了分析。本文的最后，对现阶段我国公共物品的供给问题进行了研究，分析了目前我国公共物品供给的现状、供给不足的原因，提出借鉴西方国家新公共管理的经验，实行政府和市场的分权，充分利用市场机制，是解决我国公共物品有效供给问题的必由之路，并对如何利用市场机制完善我国公共物品供给，，在政策和措施上进行了探讨。
[Abstract]:Public goods as the carrier of human public interest is an important way to meet the public needs and realize the common interests of society. Government mechanism and market mechanism are two basic institutional arrangements to realize the effective allocation of social resources. Because of the non-competitive and non-exclusive characteristics of public goods, there is a "market failure" in the supply of public goods in the past, that is, the market mechanism can not carry out the effective allocation of public resources spontaneously. Therefore, since the state and the government came into being, the provision of public goods has become the natural duty of the government. However, the actual government behavior is not perfect. Although the government provides public goods to solve the problem of "hitchhiking", it appears that the effective supply of public goods is insufficient, the efficiency of government supply is low, and the government funds are short. Government rent-seeking and other new problems, resulting in the so-called "government failure." In the face of increasing public demand for public goods, how to provide public goods more effectively has become a common goal pursued by governments. Based on the basic theories of the nature and classification of public goods, this paper first uses the theory of public choice and the viewpoint of liberal economists to analyze the problems existing in the government's monopoly on the supply of public goods, and the necessity of the market-oriented supply of public goods. In this paper, the possibility, internal basis and conditions are analyzed theoretically, and six internal bases for the market-oriented supply of public goods are put forward. Secondly, based on the theoretical analysis, the paper makes an empirical study on the institutional arrangement, practice form and practical effect of the new public management movement in the supply of public goods marketization. On this basis, combined with the problems in the market-oriented supply of public goods, the role of the government in the marketization is analyzed. Finally, this paper studies the supply of public goods in our country at present, analyzes the present situation of the supply of public goods in our country, the reasons for the shortage of public goods, and puts forward the experience of new public management in western countries. Decentralization of government and market and full use of market mechanism are the only way to solve the problem of effective supply of public goods in our country. This paper also discusses how to make use of market mechanism to perfect the supply of public goods in our country, and discusses the policies and measures on how to make use of market mechanism to perfect the supply of public goods in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F062.6

【引证文献】