论当代管理劳动

发布时间：2018-08-20 14:16

【摘要】： 在当代,社会生产劳动,尤其是技术劳动和管理劳动等劳动,发生了巨大的变化,在社会化大生产中发挥了越来越大的作用。因而对于管理劳动等新劳动就有必要加以研究,尤其是其属性和是否创造价值的问题。这才能更好的用拓展了的劳动价值论去解释现实问题和解决理论上的争论。首先,论文第一部分主要追溯了马克思关于管理劳动的思想,并分析了其时代局限性。马克思认为管理劳动产生的原因也是二重的。一方面是社会化生产的需要,另一方面则是维护生产关系的需要。进而,马克思分析了管理劳动具有计划、监督、协调和指挥等生产职能,同时也具有资本的剥削职能。从而,管理劳动是有二重属性的,即一方面从生产的自然过程来看是一种生产劳动,而从生产的社会关系角度来看,管理劳动则是一种剥削劳动。而资本主义管理劳动的形式或方式则是专制的。马克思认为从生产的自然过程来看,管理劳动是属于总体劳动,因而是属于创造价值的生产劳动。但是从生产的社会过程来看,管理劳动又具有剥削属性,是剥削剩余价值的劳动。而所有权和管理权分离后,资本家退出了生产管理过程,因而其生产管理的作用消失了。从而马克思从总体上否定了资本家管理劳动创造价值。而由于时代局限,马克思管理劳动思想又有一定的局限性。首先,马克思探讨管理劳动的广度和深度都不够。同时,马克思探讨管理劳动的形式也受到时代影响。由于马克思写作《资本论》是为了批判资本主义制度,实现无产阶级的解放,马克思管理劳动思想更强调管理劳动的剥削属性。进而,马克思管理劳动思想最大的局限性在于其缺乏价值论的拓展,即缺乏对管理劳动创造价值问题的研究。其次,论文第二部分论文则论述了管理劳动在当代的发展变化。首先从管理劳动的外延来看,管理劳动外延在当代大大扩展了。管理不光是微观的企业管理,而且还包括中观的行业管理和宏观的国家社会经济管理。其次,当代企业管理劳动内容的发生了重大变化,管理重点从直接生产管理到市场和营销管理、不确定性管理和战略管理等诸多方面的管理。第三,管理劳动形式也趋于民主化。同时,当代的管理劳动发生了复杂化,知识化、专业化,创新性强,管理劳动科学化和现代化等发展趋势,这也是当代管理劳动所具有的特点。从而随着生产社会化和协作、分工和竞争的发展,管理劳动在社会化大生产过程中所起到的作用也越来越大,这也不是马克思时代所能比拟的了。最后,当代管理劳动的属性也发生了巨大变化。当代西方资本主义管理劳动生产属性有所增强,但其剥削属性没有根本变化,只是剥削的形式发生了变化,变得更隐蔽了。所以我们对其管理劳动应该有所鉴别。而社会主义公有制企业当中,虽然管理劳动的剥削性消失了,但管理者和被管理者之间仍然存在矛盾,所以要妥善加以解决。同时更要加强和提高公有制企业的管理劳动水平。而非公有制企业中的管理劳动则具有一些新特点,其剥削范围较为狭窄,劳资矛盾是非对抗性的且受到社会主义国家的限制。而现阶段由于我国生产力仍然低下,所以我们不但要限制私营企业主的剥削,而且更要重视发挥其生产劳动职能,从而为社会主义建设服务。论文的第三部分是研究管理劳动是否创造价值的问题。论文从马克思劳动二重性角度出发,指出管理劳动作为抽象劳动创造价值实体,是由于当代管理劳动需要较强的的脑力体力消耗,并且其劳动力价值比较高。同时管理劳动作为具体劳动,能够创造出价值的物质承担者,即使用价值(有用性)。而这又表现在其对社会化大生产越来越大的作用上。这主要体现在当代管理劳动提高社会生产分工和协作水平,降低社会生产的不确定性和风险,通过配置各种资源节约了劳动时间提高了劳动效率,通过各种管理的创新活动创造更大效益等诸多方面。因而当代管理劳动是创造价值的劳动。
[Abstract]:In the contemporary era, great changes have taken place in social productive labor, especially in technical labor and management labor, which play a more and more important role in the large-scale socialized production. Therefore, it is necessary to study the new labor such as management labor, especially its attribute and whether it creates value. Labor theory of value explains real problems and solves theoretical disputes.
First of all, the first part of the paper mainly traces back to Marx's thoughts on management labor and analyzes its limitations of the times. Production functions such as supervision, coordination and command also have the function of exploitation of capital. Consequently, management labor has dual attributes, that is, on the one hand, it is a kind of productive labor in terms of the natural process of production, and on the other hand, it is a kind of exploitative labor in terms of the social relations of production. Marx believed that the management labor belonged to the total labor in the natural process of production, so it belonged to the productive labor of creating value. But from the social process of production, the management labor had the nature of exploitation and was the labor of exploiting surplus value. As a result, Marx negated the capitalist management of labor to create value.
Because of the limitation of the times, Marx's thought of managing labor has some limitations. First of all, Marx's exploration of the breadth and depth of managing labor is not enough. At the same time, Marx's exploration of the form of managing labor is also influenced by the times. Keith's thought of management labor emphasizes more on the exploitative nature of management labor. Furthermore, the biggest limitation of Marx's thought of management labor lies in its lack of the extension of axiology, that is, the lack of research on the value creation of management labor.
Secondly, the second part of the paper discusses the development and changes of management labor in the contemporary era. First, from the perspective of the extension of management labor, the extension of management labor has greatly expanded in the contemporary era. Significant changes have taken place in the content of activities, with the emphasis on management ranging from direct production management to marketing and marketing management, uncertainty management and strategic management. Third, the form of management labor tends to be democratic. At the same time, contemporary management labor has been complicated, knowledgeable, professional, innovative, scientific and scientific. With the development of socialization and cooperation of production, division of labor and competition, management labor plays a more and more important role in the process of socialization, which is not comparable to Marx's era. Finally, the nature of contemporary management labor also occurs. Great changes have taken place in the management of labor and production attributes of contemporary western capitalism, but its exploitation attributes have not changed fundamentally, but the form of exploitation has changed and become more concealed. There are still contradictions between the managers and the managed, so we should solve them properly. At the same time, we should strengthen and improve the management labor level of the public-owned enterprises. At the present stage, because of the low productivity of our country, we should not only restrict the exploitation of private entrepreneurs, but also pay more attention to exerting their productive and labor functions, so as to serve the socialist construction.
The third part of the paper is to study whether management labor creates value or not. From the perspective of Marx's duality of labor, the paper points out that management labor, as an abstract labor to create value entity, is due to the need for stronger mental and physical consumption of contemporary management labor, and its labor value is relatively high. Labor is the material undertaker that can create value, even if it is of value (usefulness). This is reflected in its increasing role in large-scale social production. This is mainly reflected in the modern management of labor to improve the level of division of labor and cooperation in social production, reduce the uncertainty and risk of social production, through the allocation of various resources to save labor. Time improves labor efficiency and creates greater benefits through various management innovations. Therefore, contemporary management labor is value-creating labor.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F014.2

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