《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的“异化劳动”思想研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 07:39

【摘要】：《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是研究马克思主义的重要文本,尤其是《手稿》中的核心思想——"异化劳动",乃是马克思的"两大发现"的萌芽,对我们深入理解唯物史观与剩余价值论提供了重要线索。在马克思看来,异化劳动主要表现包括:劳动者与劳动产品相异化、劳动者与生产活动相异化、劳动者与类本质相异化以及人与人相异化四个方面。而其核心则是人与人相异化,不仅包括劳动者的异化,还包括资本家的异化。从学术分类上讲,前两种异化是实证的经济学分析,后两种异化则是人本学的推论,而四种异化之间则蕴含着从现象到本质的逻辑进程。马克思采用分析与综合的辩证思维方法,通过对异化劳动的开创性论证,清楚地揭示了资本主义经济剥削的实质和各种不合理的社会现实,并对如何扬弃异化现象做出了积极探索。但我们也应看到,异化劳动思想也有明显的局限性,突出表现在其所具有的黑格尔式的哲学思辨色彩和费尔巴哈式的人本主义色彩。此外,异化劳动与私有制之间的关系,也因《手稿》的语焉不详等原因而成了一个学术公案。马克思对异化劳动的后续研究,对《手稿》的这一思想有不断的反思与修正。但在我们看来,这种反思性的修正绝不意味着马克思思想的"断裂",而是与《手稿》一脉相承的。或者说,马克思的这一思想其实是一以贯之的。在《穆勒评注》、《德意志意识形态》、《1857-1858年经济学手稿》以及《资本论》中,马克思有意识地抛弃了《手稿》中的人本主义和思辨哲学色彩,而使得这一思想逐步内化为马克思主义理论中的一个不可或缺的组成部分。研究马克思的异化劳动思想,既有助于理解资本主义发展的本质,亦有利于审慎对待社会主义初级阶段的一些问题,从而有利于我们坚定四个自信,最终实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。
[Abstract]:The manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 is an important text to study Marxism, especially the core idea of "alienated labor" in manuscript, which is the seed of Marx's "two great discoveries". It provides an important clue to our understanding of historical materialism and the theory of surplus value. In Marx's view, the alienation of labor mainly includes four aspects: the alienation of labor products, the alienation of workers and production activities, the alienation of workers and the nature of class, and the alienation of human beings. The core of it is the alienation of people, not only the alienation of laborers, but also the alienation of capitalists. From the academic classification, the first two alienation is an empirical economic analysis, the latter two alienation is the inference of humanism, and the four alienation contains a logical process from phenomenon to essence. By adopting the dialectical thinking method of analysis and synthesis, Marx clearly revealed the essence of capitalist economic exploitation and all kinds of unreasonable social reality through the pioneering argumentation of alienated labor. And how to sublate the phenomenon of alienation made an active exploration. But we should also see that the alienation of labor thought also has obvious limitations, outstanding in its Hegel style of philosophical thinking color and Feuerbach style of humanism color. In addition, the relationship between alienated labor and private ownership has become an academic case due to the vagueness of manuscripts. Marx's follow-up study on alienation of labor, this thought of manuscripts has been constantly reflected and revised. But in our opinion, this kind of reflexive correction does not mean the "break" of Marx's thought, but is in the same line with the manuscript. In other words, Marx's thought is in fact consistent. In Muller's commentary, German ideology, Economic manuscripts of 1857-1858 and Capital, Marx consciously abandoned the humanism and speculative philosophy of manuscripts. The thought is gradually internalized as an indispensable part of Marxist theory. The study of Marx's concept of alienated labor will not only help to understand the essence of the development of capitalism, but also be conducive to the prudent treatment of some problems in the primary stage of socialism, thus helping us to strengthen our four self-confidence. Chinese Dream, who finally realized the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F091.91;F014.2

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