《1857-1858年经济学手稿》的劳动哲学思想及其当代价值研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 13:13

【摘要】：劳动是人类为了满足生存需要,按照一定的生产方式有意识有目的地改造自然界并生产出人类需要的物质财富的直接的物质资料生产活动,它是人类所特有的活动和人类社会存在的基础,也是历史发展的最重要动力。劳动哲学是建立在与其对应的有关劳动的诸多社会科学的基础上,并对这些社会科学涉及的的劳动者、劳动活动、劳动关系、工会等社会现象的本质及其发展规律的哲学思考,它是工人阶级的意识形态,是工人阶级表达利益诉求的学理依据。马恩的经典著作包含丰富的劳动哲学思想, 《1857-1858年经济学手稿》的劳动哲学思想对马克思劳动哲学思想体系的形成中起着重要作用。导论部分分析论文选题的缘由,述评国内外关于劳动哲学的相关研究成果,指出目前研究需要注重的问题,概括论文的主要内容,并对其研究方法、创新之处及研究价值进行阐释。第一部分对“劳动”和“劳动哲学”进行概念界定,厘清劳动与实践、工作和生产等相关范畴的关系,介绍劳动哲学的功能和概括劳动哲学的学科体系。第二部分介绍了马克思劳动哲学思想的来源,包括理论来源和实践来源。对理论来源的德国古典哲学的劳动哲学思想、空想社会主义的劳动哲学思想以及古典政治经济学的劳动哲学思想进行介绍,对实践来源即马克思对社会历史研究和对当时主要资本主义国家尤其是英国经济政治现实状况的考察进行概述。第三部分剖析《手稿》中劳动哲学的内容,包括劳动价值论、劳动力与剥削、异化劳动、资本主义条件下劳动与资本的根本矛盾及共产主义条件下的自由劳动等五大方面。第四部分论述了《手稿》的劳动哲学思想在马克思劳动哲学思想体系形成中的作用：实现了劳动价值论的突破从而初步创立科学的劳动价值论；深化了对异化劳动的认识并构建出劳动力与剥削的理论框架；标志着自由劳动理论的成熟。第五部分论述《手稿》的劳动哲学思想的当代价值。基于《手稿》的劳动哲学思想分析社会主义市场经济条件下劳资关系的应然性,指出社会主义市场经济条件下存在的劳资问题,并结合我国社会主义市场经济的实际探索构建和谐劳资关系的路径,包括：发展职业技术教育,培养技术型人才；探索职工股份制,让工人获取一定的股份收益；依法规范和监督企业用工；加强工会维护工人合法权益和表达工人话语的功能。结语部分再次阐释了研究马克思劳动哲学的重要性,并对本文的研究不足之处作了说明。
[Abstract]:Labor is a direct material production activity that human beings, in order to meet the needs of existence, consciously and purposefully transform nature according to a certain mode of production and produce the material wealth that human beings need. It is the basis of human activities and the existence of human society, and the most important motive force of historical development. The philosophy of labor is based on the corresponding social sciences of labor, and the philosophical thinking about the essence and development law of the social phenomena, such as laborer, labor activity, labor relations, trade union and so on, which are involved in these social sciences. It is the ideology of the working class and the theoretical basis for the working class to express its interests. Marx's classic works contain abundant thoughts of labor philosophy. The philosophy of labor thought of < 1857-1858 economic manuscripts > plays an important role in the formation of Marx's thought system of labor philosophy. The introduction part analyzes the reason of choosing the topic of the thesis, reviews the related research results about the labor philosophy at home and abroad, points out the problems that need to be paid attention to at present, summarizes the main contents of the thesis, and gives the research methods. The innovation and the research value are explained. The first part defines the concept of "labor" and "philosophy of labor", clarifies the relationship between labor and practice, work and production, introduces the function of philosophy of labor and summarizes the discipline system of philosophy of labor. The second part introduces the origin of Marx's labor philosophy, including theoretical and practical sources. This paper introduces the labor philosophy thought of the German classical philosophy, the utopian socialism labor philosophy thought and the classical political economy thought of labor philosophy. This paper summarizes the practical sources, I. E. Marx's study of social history and the economic and political reality of the main capitalist countries at that time, especially Britain. The third part analyzes the contents of the philosophy of labor in manuscript, including the theory of labor value, labor force and exploitation, alienated labor, the fundamental contradiction between labor and capital under capitalist conditions and free labor under communist conditions. The fourth part discusses the function of the labor philosophy thought of "manuscript" in the formation of Marx's labor philosophy thought system: realized the breakthrough of the labor value theory and initially established the scientific labor value theory; It deepens the understanding of alienated labor and constructs the theoretical framework of labor force and exploitation, which marks the maturity of the theory of free labor. The fifth part discusses the contemporary value of the philosophy of labor in manuscripts. Based on the labor philosophy thought of manuscripts, this paper analyzes the necessity of labor relations under the condition of socialist market economy, and points out the labor and capital problems existing under the condition of socialist market economy. Combining with the actual situation of socialist market economy in our country, this paper explores the ways of constructing harmonious labor relations, including: developing vocational and technical education, cultivating technical talents, exploring the shareholding system of workers, and making workers obtain certain share income. To regulate and supervise the employment of enterprises according to law; to strengthen the functions of trade unions in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers and in expressing workers' discourse. The conclusion explains the importance of studying Marx's philosophy of labor again, and explains the deficiency of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F014.2;F091.91

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