哈尔滨市人居环境与经济发展关系研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 07:15

【摘要】：如何在发展经济的同时做到对环境的合理保护是人类社会发展所面临的永恒主题。“斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也”，中国古人提倡“天人合一”的思想；保证资源和环境在代际之间能够得到合理的分配、利用与保护，联合国人类环境会议提出了可持续发展的概念；十七大进一步地将建设“资源节约型、环境友好型”社会写入“十二五”规划，从而将思想落实到行动中来。城市是现代文明的重要标志，也是人类与自然环境相互作用最激烈的地方。因此要正确地处理人与自然的关系，首先就要处理好城市人居环境与经济发展的关系。改革开放以来，我国各大城市的经济建设事业蓬勃发展，人们的生活水平显著提高。然而，在盲目地追求GDP增长的同时，我们却忽视了对环境的保护，从而导致城市人居环境问题越来越突出。哈尔滨市作为黑龙江省的省会，是中国东北部重要的政治中心、经济中心、文化中心和交通中心。“十一五”时期，全市GDP总值从17964000万元增至36650000万元，年均增长率达13.5%；人均GDP总值从2790美元增加到5583美元，年均增长率达13%。然而，哈尔滨市与我国的大多数城市一样，在经济快速增长的过程中也出现了环境污染严重、资源急剧短缺、交通拥挤、基础设施不健全等问题，这些问题严重地威胁着哈尔滨市的人居环境，同时也制约了哈尔滨市经济的可持续发展。在人居环境和经济发展理论的指导下，分析了哈尔滨市人居环境与经济发展的关系。首先从整体上对哈尔滨市人居环境和经济发展情况进行了定性分析。然后，采用主成分分析以及计量经济学的有关方法对1995-2009年哈尔滨市的人居环境与经济发展情况进行研究。最终得出以下结论：受绿化和教育水平、社会治安、医疗卫生和食品供应等主成分的影响，1995-2009年哈尔滨市人居环境发展大致经历了两个阶段，即1995-2002年人居环境明显改善阶段和2003-2009年人居环境平稳发展阶段；1995-2002年哈尔滨市人居环境与经济发展存在着协整关系，2003-2009年哈尔滨市人居环境和经济发展并不存在协调发展的关系；哈尔滨市人居环境改善是其经济发展的原因，相反，哈尔滨市经济发展却没有为其人居环境的改善做出应有的贡献。最后，基于实证分析的结果，，有的放矢地提出了促进哈尔滨市人居环境与经济协调发展的政策与建议，以期为政府部门制定相关措施提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:How to protect the environment reasonably while developing economy is the eternal theme of the development of human society. The ancient Chinese advocated the idea of "harmony of nature and man," and ensured that resources and environment could be rationally distributed, utilized and protected between generations. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment put forward the concept of sustainable development, and the 17th National Congress of the United Nations further put the construction of "resource-conserving, environment-friendly" society into the 12th Five-Year Plan, so as to put the thought into practice. City is an important symbol of modern civilization and the most intense interaction between human beings and natural environment. Therefore, to deal with the relationship between man and nature correctly, we must first deal with the relationship between urban human settlement environment and economic development. Since the reform and opening up, the economic construction of major cities in China has developed vigorously, and people's living standards have improved significantly. However, while blindly pursuing the growth of GDP, we neglect the protection of the environment, which leads to the problem of urban human settlement environment becoming more and more prominent. As the capital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin is an important political center, economic center, cultural center and transportation center in northeast China. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the total value of GDP in the whole city increased from 179.64 billion yuan to 366.5 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 13.50.The total per capita GDP value increased from US $2790 to US $5583, with an average annual growth rate of US $13.5. However, like most cities in our country, Harbin, like most cities in our country, also has problems in the process of rapid economic growth, such as serious environmental pollution, sharp shortage of resources, traffic congestion, unsound infrastructure, and so on. These problems seriously threaten the living environment of Harbin and restrict the sustainable development of Harbin economy. Under the guidance of the theory of human settlement environment and economic development, this paper analyzes the relationship between living environment and economic development in Harbin. First of all, the paper qualitatively analyzes the living environment and economic development of Harbin. Then, the principal component analysis and econometric methods are used to study the living environment and economic development of Harbin from 1995 to 2009. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: affected by the principal components such as greening and education level, social security, medical and health care and food supply, the development of the residential environment in Harbin has roughly experienced two stages from 1995 to 2009. That is to say, there is a cointegration relationship between the habitat environment and economic development in Harbin from 1995 to 2002 in the stage of obvious improvement of human settlement environment and stable development stage of human settlement environment in 2003-2009. There is no harmonious development relationship between human settlement environment and economic development in Harbin from 2003 to 2009. The improvement of the living environment of Harbin is the reason of its economic development, on the contrary, the economic development of Harbin has not made its due contribution to the improvement of the living environment. Finally, based on the results of the empirical analysis, the paper puts forward the policies and suggestions to promote the harmonious development of the environment and economy of Harbin, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the government departments to formulate the relevant measures.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F062.2

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