生育行为的经济解释

发布时间：2018-10-07 17:27

【摘要】：在实施计划生育政策之前和之后,我国城乡之间的人口出生率都存在巨大的差别。如果说不同的政策允许生育水平是计划生育政策实施之后造成城乡人口出生率差别的重要因素,但这却无法解释计划生育政策实施之前的差别。作者在论文的第一部分以孩子的成本效用分析法为分析工具,试图对城乡家庭生育行为决策作出合理的经济解释。生育秩序也是一种社会秩序,同样“看不见的手”也在这种秩序的形成中发挥着巨大的作用。西方人口出生率的转变是一个自发的过程,“看不见的手”在该过程中起着主导作用,政府并未采取任何强制性的生育政策来促使其发生转变;而在我国人口出生率转变的过程中,人口政策的作用是不可低估的(作者坚信我国应该而且必须实行计划生育)。但除了计划生育的强制作用外,在我国人口出生率转变过程中,“看不见的手”也同时在起作用,而且这种作用越来越强烈。在论文的第二部分作者对以上问题作了深入的探讨。在论文的第三部分,作者以贝克尔的孩子质量与数量的理论为基本分析工具,深入分析了母亲教育程度的提高会使得孩子质量提高,而使孩子数量减少;同样,生育孩子的“固定成本”上升会致使有利于孩子质量的替代;最后还解释了为什么随着人们收入水平的提高,出生率反而下降和为什么在传统的农业社会,家庭普遍选择了多生多育的生育模式。
[Abstract]:Before and after the implementation of the family planning policy, there are huge differences in the birth rate between urban and rural areas in China. If different policies allow fertility levels to be an important factor behind the birth rate difference between urban and rural areas, it does not explain the differences before the implementation of the family planning policy. In the first part of the paper, the author tries to make a reasonable economic explanation to the decision making of family fertility behavior in urban and rural areas by using the cost-utility analysis method of children as an analytical tool. Reproductive order is also a social order, and the invisible hand also plays a great role in the formation of this order. The transformation of the birth rate in the West is a spontaneous process in which the invisible hand plays a leading role, and the government has not adopted any compulsory fertility policy to promote the change. The role of population policy should not be underestimated during the transition of birth rate in China (the author firmly believes that family planning should and must be carried out in our country). However, in addition to the compulsory role of family planning, the "invisible hand" also plays a role in the process of birth rate transition in China, and this role is becoming more and more intense. In the second part of the thesis, the author makes a deep discussion on the above problems. In the third part of the paper, using Becker's theory of quality and quantity of children as the basic analysis tool, the author deeply analyzes that the improvement of mother's education will improve the quality of children and reduce the number of children. The rise in the "fixed cost" of having a child can lead to a substitute for the quality of the child; finally, it explains why the birth rate has fallen as people's income levels rise and why in traditional agricultural societies, Families generally choose the fertility model of having more children and more children.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F063.4

【相似文献】