台湾地区土壤及地下水污染整治基金管理经验及其启示

发布时间：2018-12-26 19:17

【摘要】：大陆土壤及地下水污染现状不容乐观,大量受污染的场地需要及时治理,目前主要依靠国家专项治理项目的形式应对,缺乏持久而稳定的资金保障是难以有效治理的主要瓶颈。台湾地区成立了土壤及地下水污染整治基金,成效显著,污染场地的调查和修复工作完成率已分别达到48.50%和44.58%,并带动了环保产业发展、提升了社会经济效益,其经验和特点可总结为:一是,依法律形式明确,基于"土壤及地下水污染整治法"成立,收支与管理有明确规定;二是,来源包括征收费用、基金自身利息和政府拨款三类,以向企业收取污染整治费作为基金主要来源;三是,管理上由环保部门牵头成立基金管理委员会,政府官员、专家、学者多方共同决策;四是,基金使用以采购社会化服务为主,提高基金使用效率;五是,为保证基金的可持续,采取垫付追偿模式,开展有偿整治;六是,为提高企业参与积极性,采用以奖代罚模式,鼓励主动预防污染。为了把生态环境保护上升到公众意识与社会文明的层面以落实可持续发展、开展生态文明建设,大陆已经修订了《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,明确了保护优先、预防为主、综合治理、公众参与、损害担责的原则,并即将出台《水污染防治行动计划》与《土壤污染防治行动计划》对水土环境进行更为严格有效的治理与保护。基于目前我国土壤及地下水污染现状与治理困境,归纳和借鉴台湾地区经验,我们建议:建立土壤及地下水污染防治基金,将向石化行业和化学品行业收取污染修复费作为主要来源;将资金解决机制写入《水污染防治法》等政策性文件,明确法律依据;由环保部门牵头基金管理并吸取其他部门以及专家等多方人员参与;注重通过采购社会化服务、收费返还等措施提高污染防治实效。
[Abstract]:The status of soil and groundwater pollution in the mainland is not optimistic, a large number of contaminated sites need to be treated in time. At present, it mainly depends on the form of special national treatment projects, and the lack of lasting and stable financial guarantee is the main bottleneck difficult to effectively control. Taiwan has set up a soil and groundwater pollution remediation fund, which has achieved remarkable results. The completion rates of investigation and remediation of contaminated sites have reached 48.50% and 44.58 respectively, which have led to the development of the environmental protection industry and improved social and economic benefits. Its experience and characteristics can be summarized as follows: first, according to the legal form is clear, based on the "soil and groundwater pollution control law" established, revenue and expenditure and management has clear provisions; Second, the sources include levy fees, fund interest and government allocations, to collect pollution control fees from enterprises as the main source of the fund; Third, the management of the fund management committee led by the environmental protection department, government officials, experts and scholars make joint decisions; fourth, the use of funds mainly to purchase social services to improve the efficiency of the use of funds; Fifthly, in order to ensure the sustainability of the fund, we should adopt the mode of advanced recovery, and carry out paid rectification; sixthly, in order to improve the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate, we should adopt the model of reward instead of punishment to encourage the active prevention of pollution. In order to raise the ecological environment protection to the level of public consciousness and social civilization in order to implement sustainable development and carry out the construction of ecological civilization, the mainland has revised the Environmental Protection Law of the people's Republic of China to make it clear that protection should be given priority and prevention should be given priority. Comprehensive management, public participation, and the principle of taking responsibility for damage, and the forthcoming publication of the Action Plan for Water pollution Prevention and Control and the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of soil pollution will carry out more strict and effective treatment and protection of the soil and water environment. Based on the present situation of soil and groundwater pollution in China and the difficult situation of controlling it, we sum up and draw lessons from the experience of Taiwan. We suggest that we should establish a fund for the prevention and control of soil and groundwater pollution. The collection of pollution remediation costs from the petrochemical and chemical industries will be the main source; The fund solution mechanism should be written into the policy documents such as the Water pollution Prevention and Control Law, and the legal basis should be clearly defined; the environmental protection department should take the lead in the fund management and draw on the participation of other departments and experts, etc. We should pay attention to improving the effectiveness of pollution prevention and control through socialized procurement services and refund of fees.
【作者单位】：环境保护部环境与经济政策研究中心;
【基金】：环境保护部国库资金项目“地下水基础环境状况调查评估”(编号:2110302)
【分类号】：X53;X523;X196

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