价值源泉与价值量问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-29 08:45

【摘要】： 本文以马克思劳动价值理论为基础，结合近年来我国有关劳动和劳动价值论的研究文献，研究价值源泉与价值量两方面的问题。在价值源泉方面，认为价值的唯一源泉是劳动，除此而外的生产要素只能转移价值而不能创造新的价值。其次，在深化对价值、劳动、生产劳动、产品、商品等概念认识的基础上，分析了创造价值的劳动以及第三产业中哪些劳动是创造价值的。本文认为，劳动创造价值的条件是劳动的成果以产品形式存在、产品的生产要消耗一定的劳动、产品是用来交换的；运用这一标准，认为第三产业中流通部门、为生产生活服务部门、为提高科学文化水平和居民素质服务部门的劳动是创造价值的，而为社会公共服务部门的劳动是不创造价值的。就价值的量而言，本文分析了部门价值、价值总量的决定以及价值增值的原因。部门价值考察的是一种商品价值的决定，主要分析两种涵义的社会必要劳动时间在价值决定中的作用以及劳动生产率与价值量之间的关系。结果表明，两种涵义的社会必要劳动时间共同决定商品的价值，它的本质仍然是劳动时间决定商品的价值；部门劳动生产率与单位商品价值呈反比，个别价值与部门价值的差异是由各生产者劳动生产率的差异导致的，个别生产者的劳动生产率与其所能获得的社会价值总量呈正比关系。价值总量是由各部门的价值合计而成的，不同部门劳动在价值创造中的差别表现为在相同时间内创造的价值量是不同的，这是由劳动复杂程度的差别导致的。本文引入复杂劳动和简单劳动量化价值总量，因此，价值总量的决定中，时间不再是衡量价值量的唯一因素，劳动复杂程度和劳动时间共同决定价值总量。最后，运用国民经济核算理论，分析了GDP指标的性质和价值增值的原因。现价GDP是价值量指标，用不变价核算的GDP既不是价值量指标，也不是使用价值量指标，但使用相同不变价的GDP的比值可以表示使用价值量的增长速度。在劳动力数量的增长慢于现价GDP增长的条件下，，我们认为价值增值的原因在于劳动复杂程度的整体性提高。
[Abstract]:On the basis of Marx's theory of labor value, combined with the literature on labor and labor value theory in China in recent years, this paper studies the value source and value quantity. In terms of the source of value, the only source of value is labor, but the other factors of production can only transfer value and not create new value. Secondly, on the basis of deepening the concept of value, labor, production labor, product, commodity and so on, this paper analyzes the labor of creating value and which labor in the tertiary industry is value creating. This paper holds that the conditions for labor to create value are that the results of labor exist in the form of products, the production of products must consume certain labor, and the products are used for exchange; Using this standard, it is considered that the circulation department in the tertiary industry, the service department for production and life, the labor for raising the level of science and culture and the service department for the quality of residents create value. But the labor for the social public service department does not create the value. As far as the quantity of value is concerned, this paper analyzes the value of department, the decision of total value and the reason of value increment. Sector value is a kind of commodity value decision. It mainly analyzes the role of social necessary labor time in value determination and the relationship between labor productivity and value quantity. The results show that the value of commodity is determined by the social necessary working time of two meanings, and its essence is still the value of the commodity determined by the working time. The difference between individual value and sector value is caused by the difference of labor productivity of each producer. The labor productivity of individual producers is proportional to the total social value they can obtain. The total value is the sum of the value of each department. The difference in the value creation of different departments is that the value created in the same time is different, which is caused by the difference of labor complexity. In this paper, complex labor and simple labor are introduced to quantify the total value. Therefore, time is no longer the only factor to measure the total value in the decision of the total value, and the labor complexity and working time together determine the total value. Finally, using the theory of national economic accounting, the paper analyzes the nature of GDP index and the reason of value increment. The present price GDP is the value quantity index. The GDP calculated by the constant price is neither the value quantity index nor the value quantity index, but the ratio of the same GDP with the same fixed price can express the growth rate of the use value quantity. Under the condition that the increase of labor force quantity is slower than that of GDP at present price, we think that the reason of value increment lies in the increase of labor complexity as a whole.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F014.31

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