空间集聚与产业区位的形成：理论研究与应用分析

发布时间：2019-01-05 09:08

【摘要】：文章从产业区位形成和演进的实践背景和理论创新出发，认为集聚要素在产业区位的形成过程中起着至关重要的作用，也正是集聚机制作用的放大，才使得全球化和地方化的作用得以充分体现。主流经济学和经济地理学都基于传统的区位论来阐述集聚过程，但是它们的出发点不同，对产业区位形成的过程的解释也不一样。它们的研究方法和思维模式均有很大的差异，但是却具有高度的互补性，对产业区位的研究是它们的契合点，将它们综合在一起研究，能够更好地解释产业区位形成的实践，对地区经济发展具有很强的指导意义。论文共分为五个部分。第一章，产业区位研究的历史发展。从传统产业区位理论的演绎出发，从时间角度分析了古典区位论、近代区位论和现代区位论的特点，从理论观点角度对区位论的主要学派——成本学派、利润学派和行为学派进行了理解和认识。在此基础上分析了产业区位形成和演进的特点，主要从三个方面来分析。第一是产业区位形成要素的变化，，在区位形成的各种要素中，集聚要素的作用放大。对集聚的研究有广泛而深远的理论背景，既有来自经济学的，也有来自经济地理学的，还有来自管理学的；第二是区位尺度的变化。就现代区位而言，区位的空间过程是有尺度之分的。文章认为，最低层次的是企业—厂商尺度，中等层次的是指产业—行业尺度的，最高层次的属于区域—地带尺度上的；第三是区位的多样性及其区位的价值链联系。即一个公司的区位由于其组成机构在价值链上所处的环节的不同，其区位也不同，而且这些区位通过价值链连接在一起。最后，分析了我国的产业区位形成的制度环境特点与历史性的变化。第二章，新经济地理学与新产业地理学——近年西方产业区位研究的新进展。分析了新经济地理学和新产业地理学的产业区位理论。新经济地理学是西方主流经济学家提出来的，也称为地理经济学。文章分析新经济地理学的产生背景，认为其产业区位的形成机制是收益递增和不完全竞争、外部经济和规模经济、路径依赖与锁定效应，然后从运输成本和规模经济的相互作用、累积循环效应和产业区位形成的历史偶然性三个方面分析了其形成过程。新产业地理包括新产业区理论和新产业空间理论，文章分别分析了新产业区和新产业空间产业区位的形成机制和区位特点，最后，将新经济地理学和新产业地理学的产业区位理论进行了比较，分析了它们在解释区位形成的过程和机制上的不同。第三章，产业区位的尺度研究—差异及其机理。首先分析了不同尺度的产业区位的特点。在企业一厂商尺度上，表现为区位竞争和扩张;在产业一行业尺度上，表现为外部经济和集聚经济作用下的产业集聚;在区域一地带尺度上，其实质是产业集聚而形成的专门化的企业区位，既有产业的内涵，又有区域的内涵，是产业和区域的复合体;其次分析了产业区位形成的集聚机理的历史发展，认为在资源导向的集聚阶段，主要机理是要素享赋条件产生的各种经济效应起作用;在规模经济集聚阶段，垂直一体化带来的规模经济、人力资本积累在起作用;从刚性到弹性集聚阶段，基本网络的弹性生产方式起作用。最后，分析了产业区位集聚机理的空间尺度分异，认为在对企业一厂商尺度起作用的是内部规模经济和内部范围经济，对产业一行业尺度起作用的外部规模经济和外部范围经济，在区域一地带尺度上则表现为区域外部规模经济。第四章，产业空间集聚—产业地方化与区域发展。基于产业空间集聚现象的描述，分析了产业空间集聚的强烈倾向—产业地方化，认为产业地方化的动力主要有收益递增、制度变迁和市场竞争等。影响产业地方化的主要因素是市场因素和制度因素。产业集聚对区域发展的影响可以从两个方面来分析，即产业集聚可以提升区域竞争力，可以促进区域创新网络的形成。产业集群可以降低企业风险，减少不确定性，但是由于产业集群是有生命周期的，其本身就有风险的存在。同时产业集群培育的政府行为也有可能对区域发展产生潜在的风险。如何加强对风险的规避是区域发展中的一个关键问题。对产业集聚方面的研究一直存在着理论和实践方面的问题，如对集聚在产业区位形成中的作用、地理邻近和产业关系的方式、弹性生产方式与产业区的形成等方面的理解等。我国对产业集聚的研究成果颇丰，但也有不足，表现在对区位方面的研究不够、对产业集群风险的重视不够以及对运用产业集聚理论指导老工业基地的改造缺少深入的探索等。第五章，东北老工业基地的产业区位的选择与重构。论文分析了东北老工业基地产业集聚特征与存在问题，认为其存在的主要问题有: 工业布局模式问题、产业区位演变的路径问题、区域产业关联问题和地区专门化与分工问题等，并提出其进一步发展的路径。基于一前面的理论和存在的问题，文章提出东北老工业基地产业区位重构的战略构想，分为基地战略、产业集群战略和区域合作与产业带建设战略三个方面。在基地战略中，通过分析国外老工业基地改造经验，提出东北地区基地的选择，并指出在基地发展中要处理好的四个方面的关系。在产业集群战略中，试图说明东北老
[Abstract]:Based on the practice background and theoretical innovation of the formation and evolution of the industrial location, the paper points out that the agglomeration factor plays a very important role in the formation of the industrial location, and it is the enlargement of the function of the agglomeration mechanism, so that the effect of globalization and localization is fully reflected. The mainstream economics and economic geography are based on the traditional location theory to describe the gathering process, but their starting point is different, and the explanation of the process of the formation of the industrial location is different. The research methods and the mode of thinking have great differences, but they have a high degree of complementarity, and the research on the industrial location is the point of the meeting, and they are integrated together, and the practice of the formation of the industrial location can be better explained. It is of great significance to regional economic development. The thesis is divided into five parts. Chapter I, Industrial Area The historical development of the bit research. Based on the deduction of the traditional industry's regional theory, the characteristics of the classical location theory, the modern location theory and the modern location theory are analyzed from the time point of view, and the main school _ cost school, the profit school and the behavior school of the location theory are analyzed from the theoretical point of view. In this paper, the characteristics of the formation and evolution of the industrial location are analyzed and the characteristics of the formation and evolution of the industrial location are analyzed. The first is the change of the formation factor of the industrial location. The study of aggregation has a wide and far-reaching theoretical background, both from economics and from economic geography, as well as from management; and It is the change of the location scale. In terms of the modern location, the space of the location The paper holds that the lowest level is the scale of the enterprise and the medium level is the scale of the industry and the highest level, and the highest level belongs to the scale of the regional economic zone; the third is the diversity of the location. The location of a company is associated with the value chain. That is, the location of a company is different from that of its constituent organization in the value chain, and its location is different. The value chain is connected together. Finally, the system environment of the industrial location formation in China is analyzed. Points and historic changes. Chapter 2, New Economic Geography and New Industrial The New Development of the Western Industrial Location Research in the Recent Years and the New Economy The Industrial Area of Geography and New Industrial Geography. The New Economic Geography is the Mainstream of the West The economist put forward, also known as geography economics. The article analyses the emergence of the new economic geography. background, it is considered that the formation mechanism of its industrial location is the income Incremental and incomplete competition, external Economic and scale economy, path dependence and The locking effect, and then from the transport. Cost and scale-economy interaction The Historical Duality of the Formation of the Cumulative Cycle Effect and the Industrial Location The formation process is analyzed in three aspects. The new industrial geography includes the new industrial area. theory and new industrial space theory The article analyses the new industrial area and the new industrial space, respectively. interindustry The formation mechanism and location characteristics of the location, and finally in that new economy Neo-Confucianism and New Industrial Geography compared with the industrial zone theory, The process of the formation of the interpretation location and the difference of the machine system are analyzed. Chapter 3, the scale of industrial location and its mechanism. in that first place, The characteristics of the industrial location of different scale are analyzed in this paper. On the scale of a manufacturer, it is characterized by regional competition and expansion; in the industry an industry scale characterized by an external economy and a cluster of economic effects on an industry scale poly; on the scale of the region, the essence of which is the special purpose formed by the agglomeration of the industry The door-oriented enterprise area is both the connotation and the area of the existing industry. the inside of the domain Culvert is a complex of the industry and the region; its sub-analysis of the industrial location The historical development of the agglomeration mechanism, which is thought to be in the resource-oriented set The main mechanism is the endowment of the elements. a variety of economic effects that arise from the conditions; in a gauge. The Scale of the Vertical Integration in the Stage of the Agglomeration of the Mode and the Economy Economic and human resources capital accumulation is used; from a rigid to an elastic gathering stage, the base The elastic mode of production of the network works. Finally, the analysis produce The spatial scale of the cluster mechanism of the industry is different, and it is considered that in the case of the enterprise, vendor scale The role is the internal scale economy and the internal scope economy, and it is the industry one industry out-of-scale Department-scale economic and external-scale economy, in The regional one-zone scale is represented as the regional external gauge model economy. The fourth chapter, the industrial space agglomeration, the industrial localization and the regional development. The description and distribution of the agglomeration phenomenon based on the industry space to analyze the industrial space The strong tendency of agglomeration is the localization of the industry, and it is thought that the industry is localized The power of the power mainly includes the increment of income, the system change and the market competition, etc. the master of the localization of the sound industry The factors are the market factors and the system factors. The influence of the exhibition can be analyzed from two aspects, that is, the agglomeration of the industry Regional competitiveness can be promoted and regional innovation can be promoted The formation of new networks. Industrial clusters can reduce enterprise risk and reduce Deterministic, but because industrial clusters are life-cycle, they are at risk At the same time, the government behavior of industrial cluster cultivation is also possible. Potential risks to regional development How to add high-risk gauge The avoidance is one of the key problems in regional development. The research of the surface has always been a problem in theory and practice, such as the formation of the cluster in the industrial location the role of, the geographical proximity, and the production. The way of the business relation, the elastic mode of production and the formation of the industrial area, etc. On the Understanding of the Industrial Agglomeration in China
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F062.9

【引证文献】