技术创新生态化与社会可持续发展

发布时间：2019-07-06 07:48

【摘要】：科学技术的发展极大地促进了经济的增长，创造了辉煌灿烂的物质文明。但随着人们物质欲望的恶性膨胀和对经济指标的盲目追求，造成了各种资源无节制的滥用，使得人类赖以生存的生态环境遭受严重的破坏，人类正面临着资源枯竭、环境污染、臭氧层破坏、生物多样性减少、土地荒漠化、淡水资源匮乏等诸多环境问题，人类的生存和发展受到了严重的威胁。所有这些生态问题促使人类开始反思改造自然的实践活动，人们开始寻找一种能使经济、社会、生态三者协调发展的可持续发展道路。1992年联合国在巴西首都里约热内卢召开的“环境与发展会议”提出了《21世纪议程》，其中提出一个观点：“全球环境退化的主要原因是不可持续发展的消费和生产形态造成的”。那么如何才能使技术在促进经济发展的同时，又不对生态环境造成破坏呢?正是出于对这个问题的思考，技术创新生态化就逐步被提到日程上来。技术创新生态化也被称作生态技术创新或绿色技术创新，它以生态保护为中心，在企业生产系统中引入生态观念，从而引导技术创新朝着有利于资源、环境保护及其与经济、社会、环境系统之间的良性循环的方向协调发展。它追求的是生态经济综合效益，即经济效益最佳、生态效益最好、社会效益最优的三大效益的有机统一，其最终目标是社会的可持续发展。本文从以下几个方面对技术创新生态化进行了较为系统的研究。第二章在对生态技术创新同传统技术创新进行比较分析的基础上指出了技术创新生态化在社会可持续发展过程中的重要地位和作用。它不仅是技术发展的必然趋势，生态系统正常运转的关键，更是社会可持续发展的重要保证。第三章指出了技术创新生态化实施的基本原则。主要是技术先进性原则、尊重自然原则、全生命周期分析原则、生态经济效益原则、可持续发展原则等五个基本原则。第四章根据生态化技术创新的基本原则提出了生态化技术创新的评价体系。大致从经济效益、技术效益、生态效益和社会效益等几个方面对生态化技术创新活动进行评价。第五章对技术创新生态化的基本途径进行了尝试性研究，从消费者观念、企业经营理念、管理方式、政府支持等几方面，总结出进行绿色消费，建立绿色市场、塑造绿色企业文化、完善环保法律法规、建立生态工业园等技术创新生态化的基本途径。本文的创新之处有以下几点：第一，在对技术创新评价体系的研究过程中，突破传统评价体系只注重经济效益的不可持续发展的评价标准，把生态效益纳入评价体系，并把它作为基本的评价准则，从而对技术创新生态化活动提供了依据和指导。第二，把生态学的思想融合在技术创新活动中，使技术创新活动从设计阶段到最终消费的整个生命周期中都依据自然生态的有机循环原理而进行，形成了类似于自然生态第11页武汉科技大学硕士学位论文链的关系，使自然资源循环利用，从而尽可能地减少对自然资源的消耗和对环境的污染。第三，在解决途径中，，本文着重从观念入手，从指导思想上对技术创新进行约束，并针对我国生产和社会实际提出了诸如国家运用政策法规等宏观调控等解决方式。关键词:技术创新生态化可持续发展基本原则评价体系基本途径
[Abstract]:The development of science and technology has greatly promoted the growth of the economy and created a brilliant material civilization. But with the vicious expansion of people's material desires and the blind pursuit of economic indicators, the abuse of various resources is caused, so that the ecological environment on which the human is based depends on the serious damage, and the mankind is facing the depletion of resources, the environmental pollution and the destruction of the ozone layer. The existence and development of human beings have been seriously threatened by many environmental problems such as the reduction of biodiversity, land desertification and the lack of fresh water resources. All of these ecological problems have led to the reflection of the natural practice of the transformation of human beings, and people began to look for one. The "Conference on Environment and Development" of the United Nations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992, put forward a point of view: s" . How can the technology be made to promote economic development and not to be born What is the destruction of the state environment? It is for the thought of this problem that the ecological technology innovation is ecological. The process of technological innovation is also called ecological technology innovation or green technology innovation. It is the center of ecological protection, and introduces the ecological concept in the enterprise production system, thus leading the technological innovation to be is beneficial to the resources, the environmental protection and the economic, social, and economic The direction of the virtuous circle between the environmental systems is coordinated and developed. It pursues the three benefits of the comprehensive benefit of the ecological economy, that is, the best economic benefit, the best ecological benefit and the optimal social benefit. Unified, the ultimate goal is the sustainable development of society. This article is from the following aspects: The second chapter is based on the comparative analysis of the technology innovation and the traditional technological innovation. The ecological technology innovation plays an important role in the process of social sustainable development. It is not only the inevitable trend of the development of technology, The key to the normal operation of the ecosystem is the sustainable development of the society The third chapter points out the basic principle of the ecological implementation of technological innovation. then, the whole life cycle analysis principle, the ecological economic benefit principle, the sustainable development principle and the like The fourth chapter puts forward the evaluation of ecological technology innovation based on the basic principles of ecological technology innovation The paper makes an evaluation on the activities of ecological technology innovation, such as economic benefit, technical benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit. The fifth chapter makes a tentative study on the basic way of the ecological technology innovation, and from the concept of consumers, the enterprise The management idea, management mode, government support, etc., summary Green consumption and green market The innovation of this paper has the following points: I. In the course of the research of the technical innovation evaluation system, the breakthrough The traditional evaluation system only pays attention to the evaluation standard of the non-sustainable development of the economic benefit, the ecological benefit is included in the evaluation system, and it is used as the basic evaluation criterion, so that the ecological activity of the technological innovation is raised For the basis and guidance. second, the thought of ecology To integrate in the technological innovation activity, the technological innovation activity will be changed from the design stage to the end consumption throughout the life cycle According to the principle of the organic cycle of natural ecology, the natural ecology is formed. Master's degree of Wuhan University of Science and Technology on page 11 The link of the chain so that the natural resources can be recycled, so as to reduce as much as possible
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F062.2

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