国际碳核算体系发展及其评价

发布时间：2019-05-19 15:03

【摘要】：碳核算是寻找节能减排潜力、制定减排措施的前提。本文通过对国际上主要碳核算指南和标准的梳理,分析了基于区域、产品和服务、企业、项目等不同层面的碳核算体系的特点,并将其分成自上而下和自下而上两种类型的碳核算。前者有助于行政措施的推进以及宏观层面的政策布局,后者则更能调动市场和社会力量。虽然现有的自下而上的碳核算体系还处于尝试阶段,其在核算范围、生命周期核算环节、处理碳抵消活动、信息报告要求等方面还存在大量分歧,尚不能涵盖经济生活的各个方面。但正是这种自下而上的碳核算体系的发展,促进了发达国家企业和民间社会的大量自愿性减排活动和一系列创新的低碳经济实践。从我国当前自上而下的节能减排工作推进来看,行政力量已经得到很大的发挥,但是市场力量和社会力量的参与严重滞后。促进自下而上的碳核算体系的发展有助于推动我国尚未启动的节能减排的市场力量和社会力量,从而促进全社会的节能减排行动力。
[Abstract]:Carbon accounting is the premise of finding the potential of energy saving and emission reduction and formulating emission reduction measures. By combing the main international carbon accounting guidelines and standards, this paper analyzes the characteristics of carbon accounting systems based on different levels, such as region, products and services, enterprises, projects and so on. It is divided into top-down and bottom-up carbon accounting. The former contributes to the promotion of administrative measures and macro-level policy layout, while the latter is more able to mobilize market and social forces. Although the existing bottom-up carbon accounting system is still in the trial stage, there are still a lot of differences in the scope of accounting, life cycle accounting, handling carbon offsets, information reporting requirements, and so on. It is not yet possible to cover all aspects of economic life. However, it is the development of this bottom-up carbon accounting system that promotes a large number of voluntary emission reduction activities and a series of innovative low-carbon economic practices by enterprises and civil society in developed countries. From the top-down work of energy conservation and emission reduction in China, administrative power has been greatly brought into play, but the participation of market forces and social forces is seriously lagging behind. Promoting the development of bottom-up carbon accounting system is helpful to promote the market force and social force of energy saving and emission reduction that have not yet been started in our country, so as to promote the energy saving and emission reduction motive force of the whole society.
【作者单位】：复旦大学环境科学与工程系;
【基金】：2009年国家社科基金重点项目(编号:09AZD048)
【分类号】：X196

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