低碳旅游生态效率研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 21:58

本文关键词： 低碳旅游旅游碳足迹旅游能源消耗旅游生态效率海南省　出处：《天津大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：旅游业是“能源密集”型产业,在国家节能减排硬性指标的约束下,低碳模式成为旅游可持续发展的理想选择。但是,低碳旅游和旅游消费增长的反向运行,形成一个理论与现实中的“两难困境”：减排指标过高,旅游消费可能步入“低碳陷阱”,钳制旅游经济发展活力；减排指标过低,旅游发展可能带来“增长过剩”,旅游环境影响难以控制。生态效率作为平衡旅游经济效益和环境影响的分析工具,从单位环境影响的经济产出的视角出发,以最优态效率值作为评价旅游发展可持续性的标尺,为旅游可持续发展评价确立了一个全新的理论分析框架。本文从低碳旅游和生态效率两个核心概念出发,将旅游过程节能减排作为研究目标,以海南省为例,应用生命周期评价(LCA)理论,通过旅游碳足迹模型、能源消耗模型、生态效率模型的定量计算,系统分析了不同属性条件下旅游碳足迹、能源消耗、旅游生态效率等指标变量的差异、特征及其影响机制,探讨了旅游者、经营者的感知和态度对生态效率的影响,并结合国内外低碳旅游相关政策现状,提出适合我国实际的低碳旅游政策与对策体系,保障旅游生态效率的提升规划能落到实处,促进区域旅游可持续发展。总体上,本文的主要创新性结论有： (1)在低碳旅游、气候变化、旅游生态效率逐渐成为学术热点的背景下,国外定量化的模型研究方法,深入调查的案例研究实践、多学科渗透的研究理论对国内研究具有重要启示。 (2)低碳旅游的本质内涵在于旅游温室气体(GHG)排放减量化、旅游能源消耗节约化、旅游经济收益增值化、旅游生态效率最优化,形成旅游发展低排放、低污染、低能耗、高效率的“三低一高”格局。旅游生态效率理论根植于生态效率概念,其核心特征在于取得经济效益最大化的同时,实现旅游环境影响最小化的目标,作为一个旅游可持续发展的评价方法,旅游生态效率整合了环境影响与经济收益两大变量,成为解决低碳旅游发展“两难困境”的一个有效工具。 (3)海南省属于长距离客源主导型市场结构,旅游者的平均出行距离较大,外部交通乘坐飞机比例较高,旅游者平均停留时间和人均消费水平较低,旅游交通碳足迹、旅游交通能源消耗占据最大比例,致使海南省旅游生态效率相比较而言略次于部分旅游目的地。 (4)提高旅游目的地生态效率水平的主要方向在于减排、节能、增收,具体措施有：提高低碳行动意识、实施生态效率规划战略、优化旅游交通结构、改变旅游消费习惯、创新低碳技术、扩大旅游消费能力、加强旅游活动管理、完善低碳旅游政策体系等。一般地,旅游者平均停留时间越长、平均出行距离越短、平均消费越高,旅游生态效率越接近最优值。旅游“能源消耗账单”与旅游碳足迹是一个多重选择和决策的结果,相关利益主体的对生态效率、低碳旅游的感知、态度和行为深刻影响了目的地生态效率水平。
[Abstract]:Tourism is an " energy - intensive " type industry . Under the constraints of national energy saving and emission reduction targets , the low carbon mode becomes the ideal choice for sustainable development of tourism . However , low carbon tourism and tourism consumption increase in the opposite direction to form a " dilemma " in theory and reality : the emission reduction index is too high , the tourism consumption may enter the " low carbon trap " , the tourism environment is difficult to control . The ecological efficiency is used as the scale for evaluating the sustainable development of tourism , and the new theoretical analysis framework is established for the sustainable development evaluation of tourism . Based on the two core concepts of low carbon tourism and ecological efficiency , this paper takes Hainan Province as an example and applies life cycle assessment ( LCA ) theory to analyze the differences , characteristics and influence mechanism of tourism carbon footprint , energy consumption and ecological efficiency model under different attribute conditions . ( 1 ) In the background of low - carbon tourism , climate change and tourism ecological efficiency gradually become an academic hotspot , the research methods of quantitative models abroad , the case study practice in depth investigation , and the research theory of multi - disciplinary infiltration have important implications for domestic research . ( 2 ) The essence of low - carbon tourism is that tourism greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emission reduction , tourism energy consumption is saved , tourism economic benefits are added , tourism ecological efficiency is optimized , tourism development low emission , low pollution , low energy consumption and high efficiency are formed . ( 3 ) Hainan is a long - distance passenger - source leading market structure , the average travel distance of tourists is large , the proportion of the external traffic passenger is high , the average residence time of the tourists and the consumption level per capita are low , the tourism traffic carbon footprint and the tourism traffic energy consumption occupy the largest proportion , so that the tourism ecological efficiency of the Hainan Province is slightly inferior to the part of the tourism destination . ( 4 ) The main direction of improving the ecological efficiency level of tourism destination lies in reducing emission , saving energy , increasing income , improving the consciousness of low - carbon action , implementing eco - efficiency planning strategy , optimizing tourist traffic structure , changing tourism consumption habits , innovating low - carbon technology , enlarging tourism consumption ability , strengthening tourism activity management , perfecting the low - carbon tourism policy system , etc . Generally , the longer the average residence time of tourists , the more the average travel distance is , the higher the average consumption , the more the tourism ecological efficiency approaches the optimal value . The tourism " energy consumption bill " and the tourism carbon footprint are the result of a multi - choice and decision - making , and the perception , attitude and behavior of the relevant stakeholders affect the destination ecological efficiency level .

【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X22;F592

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