中国地区农业技术效率与技术差距的时空演变及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 04:19

本文关键词：中国地区农业技术效率与技术差距的时空演变及其影响因素研究　出处：《浙江农林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国农业发展的自然资源与环境约束条件日益严峻。一是耕地面积持续减少,二是淡水资源短缺,三是农田水利设施老化失修严重,四是大量使用化肥、农药、农膜等投入品,导致农业污染日益严重。从理论上说,农业经济增长的贡献源泉来源于两个方面:一是农业生产要素特别是现代农用工业品使用数量的增长,二是农业技术进步、专业化分工和效率增进等。随着中国工业化、城市化进程加快,农业受到的自然资源与环境制约日益突显,同时物质资本继续投入也将受到要素报酬递减的制约,继续靠增加自然资源和农用工业品投入来增加农产品产出的余地已越来越小。国际经验也表明单纯依靠要素投入增长所获得的经济增长不具备可持续性,因此,研究农业技术进步与效率对于中国农业可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。有鉴于此,本文利用中国28省1984-2014年农业投入产出的面板数据,分别采用随机前沿生产函数模型与共同前沿生产函数模型,测度了地区农业生产技术效率与技术差距,在此基础上,利用Tobit模型探究了地区农业生产技术效率与技术差距的影响因素,最后得出提高地区农业技术效率,缩小地区差距的路径选择。研究结果表明:(1)随机前沿生产函数模型下,中部地区的农业生产技术效率最高,东部地区次之,西部地区最低。共同前沿生产函数模型下,将共同前沿技术效率分解为技术差距与地区农业生产技术效率,东部地区的共同前沿技术效率高于中部地区,最低为西部地区;东部地区技术差距最高,西部地区技术差距最低,说明东部地区的技术效率水平最接近全国范围内的技术效率水平,西部地区的技术效率水平与全国范围内的技术效率水平相差最大。(2)对于不同的地区,由于自然地理环境与经济、人文环境的不同,农业人力资本、农业科研投入和农业生产规模的适度提高对不同地区将产生不同的影响;财政支农力度和农业中间投入尤其是物质资料投入的增加将对三大区域的地区农业生产技术效率的提高产生显著的正向作用,农业中间投入仍然是农业技术效率提高的重要来源;农业受灾率对地区农业生产技术效率有抑制作用,政府应当加大在防灾抗灾方面的投入。
[Abstract]:The constraints of natural resources and environment in agricultural development in China are becoming more and more severe. One is the area of arable land continued to decline, the two is the shortage of fresh water resources, irrigation and water conservancy facilities is three ageing disrepair serious, four is the extensive use of fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural inputs, resulting in serious pollution. Theoretically, the contribution sources of agricultural economic growth come from two aspects: one is the growth of agricultural production factors, especially the modern agricultural industrial products, the two is agricultural technology progress, specialization division and efficiency enhancement. With the China city industrialization, urbanization, agricultural natural resources and environmental constraints increasingly, at the same time, material capital investment will also continue to restrict factors of diminishing returns, continuing to increase natural resources and agricultural industrial investment to increase agricultural output has been more and more small room. International experience also shows that the growth of economic growth alone is not sustainable. Therefore, the study of agricultural technology progress and efficiency is of great practical significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in China. In view of this, this paper Chinese 28 1984-2014 agricultural input-output panel data, respectively, using stochastic frontier production function model and frontier production function model and measure the area efficiency of the technology gap and technology of agricultural production, on the basis of this, the study of influencing factors of regional agricultural production technology efficiency and technology gap by Tobit model, finally it improve the efficiency of agricultural technology, path choice to narrow the gap between regions. The results show that: (1) under the stochastic frontier production function model, the agricultural production efficiency of the central region is the highest, the eastern region is the second, and the western region is the lowest. The common frontier production function model, the common frontier technical efficiency is decomposed into technical efficiency of agricultural production and technology gap area, the efficiency of common frontier technology of eastern region was higher than the central region, the lowest for the western region; the technology gap between the eastern region is the highest, the technology gap between the western region is the lowest, indicating the technical efficiency level of the eastern region is the most close to the level of technical efficiency within the scope of the technical efficiency level of technical efficiency level of the western region and the country within the scope of the biggest difference. (2) for different regions, because of the natural geographical environment and economic and cultural environment, agricultural human capital, agricultural research investment and agricultural production scale increase will have different effects on different regions; financial support for agriculture and agriculture intermediate inputs especially the increase of material inputs will have a significant positive effect on the three regional areas of agricultural production technology to improve the efficiency of agriculture intermediate inputs is still an important source to improve the efficiency of agricultural technology; agricultural disaster rate has inhibitory effect on the technical efficiency of agricultural production areas, the government should increase the investment in disaster prevention.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.3

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