基于GIS和DEA方法的农用地利用效率评价研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 21:33

本文关键词：基于GIS和DEA方法的农用地利用效率评价研究　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业是国民经济的基础,影响到国家的长治久安。我国是农业大国,人均农用地仅为0.47公顷,人均耕地面积不足世界平均水平的40%,并且农用地资源日益短缺、质量退化、农地非农化、农地利用粗放、分布不均匀等问题突出。找出区域农用地利用中存在的矛盾,制定适宜的差异化发展政策,提高区域农用地利用效率,将是保障我国粮食安全和国民经济的快速发展的有效途径。本文运用数据包络分析法的C2R模型和BC2模型对陕西省各地级市农用地投入产出效率进行实证研究,研究各区域的横向差异和纵向变化特征,结合投影分析,找出陕西省各地级市农用地利用中存在的问题,提出提高各地级市农用地利用效率的差异化对策和建议,以期为各级政府及相关部门决策提供科学参考。通过研究分析,本文得出以下主要结论:(1)全省农用地利用效率呈现“南高北低”的格局。陕南、关中、陕北地区农用地综合利用效率平均值分别为0.912、0.868和0.796。地级市中农用地综合利用效率值处于较高水平的为汉中和铜川,均为1;处于较低水平为榆林和渭南,分别为0.6554和0.4804。全省农用地利用效率分布呈现以下特征:在全省范围内,农用地利用效率受自然气候影响较大,利用效率与自然气候带的分布相似,温暖湿润地区利用效率相对较高;在区域内部,农用地利用效率受经济发展、人为因素影响较大。(2)2008-2012年,陕西省农用地的利用效率呈不断上升的趋势。全省农用地利用效率提升了7.85%,其中陕北地区上升幅度最大,上升了13.81%,关中和陕南分别上升了3.12%和8.48%。这说明随着陕西经济水平的不断提高,农业投入要素也在不断增加,资源配置更加合理,农用地利用效率也就随之提高。(3)全省范围内,宝鸡、渭南、延安、榆林、安康5个城市的农业生产投入量存在大量冗余。五个城市在耕地面积、农林牧渔业从业人员、农业机械总动力三方面的投入均存在明显的冗余,而在产出方面存在少量不足。因此要提高这五个市农用地利用效率,重点要从投入角度出发,进一步优化资源配置。(4)提升全省农用地利用效率,重点在于渭南和陕北。从农用地综合效率的分解效率来看,渭南的纯技术效率过低是导致其综合效率较低的主要原因,而陕北地区的综合效率较低是由于其规模效率低引起的。(5)根据当前陕西省土地利用出现的问题及DEA测算结果,本文提出四点建议以期提高陕西省农用地的利用效率。对渭南市,推进农业技术推广,提高农业生产的技术水平;对陕北地区,合理分配资源,适度扩大经营规模,提高规模效率;转变农业发展方式,提高农业资源利用率;针对区域农用地利用特点,制定区域差异化政策。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, which affects the long-term stability of the country. China is a large agricultural country, the per capita agricultural land is only 0.47 hectares, the per capita cultivated land area is less than 40% of the world average level. And agricultural land resources increasingly shortage, quality degradation, agricultural land conversion, extensive use of agricultural land, uneven distribution and other problems. Find out the contradictions in the use of regional agricultural land, formulate appropriate differentiated development policies. Improve the efficiency of regional agricultural land use. This paper uses the C2R model and BC2 model of data envelopment analysis to demonstrate the input-output efficiency of agricultural land in Shaanxi Province. Research. This paper studies the horizontal difference and longitudinal variation characteristics of different regions, and finds out the problems existing in the utilization of agricultural land in every prefectural city of Shaanxi Province by combining the projection analysis. In order to provide scientific reference for all levels of government and relevant departments to make decisions, the paper puts forward the differential countermeasures and suggestions to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in various prefectural cities, and through research and analysis. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the utilization efficiency of agricultural land in the whole province presents the pattern of "high in the south and low in the north". The average value of the comprehensive utilization efficiency of agricultural land in southern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi is 0.912 respectively. 0.868 and 0.796. The efficiency of comprehensive utilization of agricultural land was at a higher level in Hanzhong and Tongchuan, both of which were 1; At a lower level Yulin and Weinan were 0.6554 and 0.4804.The distribution of agricultural land use efficiency showed the following characteristics: within the province. The utilization efficiency of agricultural land is influenced by natural climate, the distribution of utilization efficiency is similar to that of natural climate zone, and the utilization efficiency is relatively high in warm and humid areas. Within the region, the agricultural land use efficiency is affected by economic development and human factors. The utilization efficiency of agricultural land in Shaanxi Province is on the rise. The efficiency of agricultural land use in Shaanxi Province has been increased by 7.855.The area of northern Shaanxi has the largest increase, which has risen by 13.81%. Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi increased by 3.12% and 8.48 respectively, which shows that with the continuous improvement of the economic level of Shaanxi, agricultural input elements are also increasing, and the allocation of resources is more reasonable. The utilization efficiency of agricultural land also increased with it.) in the whole province, Baoji, Weinan, Yan'an, Yulin and Ankang cities had a large amount of redundant agricultural production input, and the five cities were in the cultivated land area. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry employees, the total power of agricultural machinery in the three aspects of input are obviously redundant, but there are a small number of inadequacies in the output, so we should improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in these five cities. From the point of view of input, we should further optimize the allocation of resources. 4) improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in the whole province, with the emphasis on Weinan and northern Shaanxi. From the view of the decomposition efficiency of the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural land. The low pure technical efficiency of Weinan is the main reason for its low comprehensive efficiency. The low comprehensive efficiency of northern Shaanxi is due to its low scale efficiency.) based on the current problems of land use in Shaanxi Province and the results of DEA calculation. This paper puts forward four suggestions to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural land in Shaanxi Province. To the north Shaanxi region, the reasonable allocation resources, the moderate expansion management scale, enhances the scale efficiency; Changing the mode of agricultural development and improving the utilization rate of agricultural resources; According to the characteristics of regional agricultural land use, regional differentiation policy is formulated.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

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