陕西新型农业科技推广服务体系构建研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 06:32

本文关键词：陕西新型农业科技推广服务体系构建研究　出处：《陕西科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：要实现农业现代化必须依靠科技进步。我国每年约有6000-7000项农业科技成果问世,但是科技成果转化为现实生产力的只有30%-40%,与发达国家70%-80%的先进水平还有很大的差距。陕西省作为我国西北地区重要的省份,虽然农业科技推广方面取得了一定成就,但是还存在许多的不足之处。因此,如何对当前的农业科技推广服务体系进行创新以及提高农业科技成果转化率显得尤为重要,构建富有成效的农业科技推广服务体系对于陕西现代农业的发展具有重要意义。目前,陕西省的农业科技推广服务体系已初具规模,代表性的有：“平利模式”、“农业科技专家大院”模式、“金坤模式”、“大荔模式"。这些农技推广服务体系的形成对于陕西农业科技成果的转化起到了极大的促进作用。同时也发现,这些农技推广服务体系也存在着管理体制设置不合理、技术需求与供给主体行为目标不一致、资金投入保障不足、农技推广服务人员整体力量薄弱等问题。本文通过对陕北、关中以及陕南地区177户家庭进行调研,根据统计数据,对陕西农业科技推广服务供需状况进行了描述,找出影响农民对农业科技需求的影响因素,并通过SEM模型对影响农民农业科技需求的因素进行验证分析。结果得到验证：对陕西农业科技推广服务有影响的是知识共享、农民对农技服务的信任、沟通、冲突,对其没有影响的是农技推广服务信息的有效传递。基于实证分析,本文提出构建陕西新型农业科技推广服务体系,以期加快陕西农业科技成果转化为现实生产力的速度,达到提高农民生活水平和农业收入的目的。新体系主要包括指导思想、构建原则、构建目标、构建内容以及运行机制。本文中的新型农业科技推广服务体系中主要构建了在政府宏观调控平台主导下的六大平台,即政府公益性科技服务平台、农业专业技术服务平台、企业科技服务平台、农业科研教育平台、农民知识共享平台、农业科技推广服务宣传平台。对于新型农业科技推广服务体系的运行机制,本文主要从管理机制、激励机制、供需协调机制以及制度保障机制四个方面进行了阐述。此外,本文提出的政策建议主要有：(1)积极推进政府农技推广机构的改革和发展；(2)完善农技推广服务供需机制,解决农技推广供需脱节的矛盾；(3)培育多元化农村科技服务组织,鼓励农业科技服务模式创新；(4)加大财政支持力度,建立农技推广服务资金投入的长效机制；(5)建立有效的农民科技教育和培训制度,提升农业劳动力综合素质；(6)加强农技推广服务人才队伍建设。
[Abstract]:In order to realize agricultural modernization, we must rely on the progress of science and technology. There are about 6000-7000 agricultural scientific and technological achievements every year in China, but only 30-40% of them are transformed into actual productive forces. There is still a big gap with the advanced level of 70-80% of the developed countries. Shaanxi Province, as an important province in the Northwest region of China, has made some achievements in agricultural science and technology extension. However, there are still many shortcomings. Therefore, how to innovate the current agricultural science and technology extension service system and improve the conversion rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is particularly important. It is of great significance to construct an effective agricultural science and technology extension service system for the development of modern agriculture in Shaanxi Province. At present, the agricultural science and technology extension service system of Shaanxi Province has begun to take shape. Representative are: "Pingli model", "agricultural science and technology experts courtyard" model, "Jin Kun model." "Dali model". The formation of these agricultural technology extension service system has played a great role in promoting the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in Shaanxi. At the same time, it has also been found. These agricultural extension service systems also have unreasonable management system, technical demand and supply of the main behavior objectives are not consistent, inadequate funding protection. Through the investigation of 177 families in northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi, according to the statistical data. This paper describes the supply and demand of agricultural science and technology extension service in Shaanxi Province, and finds out the influencing factors of farmers' demand for agricultural science and technology. And through the SEM model to the impact of agricultural science and technology demand of farmers to verify the factors. Results: Shaanxi agricultural science and technology extension services are affected by knowledge sharing, farmers trust in agricultural technology services. Communication, conflict, it has no impact on the effective transmission of agricultural technology extension service information. Based on empirical analysis, this paper proposes to build a new agricultural science and technology extension service system in Shaanxi. In order to speed up the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements into real productivity, achieve the purpose of improving farmers' living standards and agricultural income. The new system mainly includes guiding ideology, construction principles, construction goals. The new agricultural science and technology extension service system in this paper mainly constructs six major platforms under the leadership of the government macro-control platform, that is, the government public welfare science and technology service platform. Agricultural professional technology service platform, enterprise science and technology service platform, agricultural scientific research and education platform, farmers knowledge sharing platform. For the new agricultural science and technology extension service system operation mechanism, this article mainly from the management mechanism, the incentive mechanism. The coordination mechanism of supply and demand and the system guarantee mechanism are expounded. In addition, the policy suggestions put forward in this paper are: 1) actively promoting the reform and development of the agricultural technology extension organization of the government; (2) perfecting the supply and demand mechanism of agricultural extension service and solving the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural technology extension; Cultivating diversified rural scientific and technological service organizations and encouraging the innovation of agricultural science and technology service mode; (4) increase financial support and establish a long-term mechanism for the investment of agricultural technology extension services; (5) establishing an effective system of science and technology education and training for farmers to improve the comprehensive quality of agricultural labor force; Strengthen the construction of agricultural extension service personnel team.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3

【引证文献】