农民幸福感提升视角下我国农地制度创新研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 07:22

本文关键词：农民幸福感提升视角下我国农地制度创新研究　出处：《河南师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在建设社会主义新农村的背景下,农民开始追求多层次的幸福,农民依据自己的生活标准和自我实现程度作为评判自己的幸福指数。幸福感作为衡量社会和谐发展的一个重要指标,是我国在新常态下发展过程中所要达到的重要目标。我国正处于社会转型期,在社会发展过程中不免会出现生产方式不合理,收入分配不均,贫富差距扩大等诸多问题,对于不同的群体都产生了重要的影响,包括农民。影响农民幸福指数的因素有很多,诸如,经济收入、社会保障、生活环境、文化适应、身心健康与人际关系、子女教育与良好的发展前景等,其中经济收入起着决定性的作用。在农村,土地是农业生产中重要的也是最基本的生产资料,也是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,被认为是“财富之母”,在一定的制度保障下承载着满足农民就业、保障社会生产进行、为农民提供收入等重要社会功能。农地制度是农村生产力进步、经济发展的重要运行载体,是农业资源得到优化配置的基本中介。农地制度的合理化制定关乎每个农民家庭的幸福归属。自建国以来,我国农民收入每一时段的增减、幸福感的变化都与农地制度的变革密不可分。在新中国成立后到社会主义改造时期,废除了封建剥削的地主阶级土地所有制,实行农民土地所有制,使农民做了土地的主人,农民生产积极性空前高涨,幸福感和归属感倍增,但这一制度也逐渐出现了诸多问题;社会主义改造完成到改革开放前,农村土地制度实行的是土地等重要生产资料归集体所有,统一经营。这一时期农民的收入增长较为缓慢,生活水平没有显著提高,幸福感水平也较低;改革开放以来,实行了家庭联产承包责任制,这一时期粮食产量达到了历史最高值,农民收益显著提高,农民幸福指数达到另一个高度。但随着市场经济的发展,家庭联产承包责任制逐渐呈现出一定的缺陷:农村土地产权结构不明确,农村土地使用权流转不畅,市场化程度较低,农民增收困难,农民土地被征用后权益无法得到完全保障等,使农民幸福感日趋衰退。所以,现行的家庭联产承包责任制不可能是我国农地制度的最后归宿,合理化创新农地制度势在必行。
[Abstract]:In the context of building a new socialist countryside, farmers began to pursue multiple levels of happiness, the farmers according to their standard of living and self realization degree as the evaluation of their own. The happiness index of well-being as an important indicator of the development of harmonious society, the development of our country is an important goal which should be achieved in the process of new normal under our country is in the period of social transition, in the process of social development will inevitably appear unreasonable mode of production, income inequality, many problems such as the widening gap between rich and poor, for different groups have a significant impact, including farmers. There are many factors affecting farmers' happiness index such as economic income, social security, living environment, cultural adaptation, interpersonal relationship and mental health, children's education and good development prospects, the economic income plays a decisive role in the rural areas, the land is agricultural production Important is the most basic means of production, is also an important material basis for the survival and development of human society, is regarded as the "mother of wealth", in a certain system security under the bearing meet the farmers' employment, social production, to provide income for farmers. An important social function of rural land system is the development of rural productivity. Run the important carrier of economic development, agricultural resources are the basic intermediary to optimize the allocation of rural land system. Reasonable formulation for each peasant family happiness attribution. Since the founding of new China, the income of farmers in our country every time change, change and well-being are inseparable. The reform of rural land system in the new period after the founding of the Chinese the socialist transformation, abolished the feudal landlord class exploitation of land ownership, the land ownership of peasant farmers, to do the masters of the land, farmers' production enthusiasm unprecedented High sense of happiness and a sense of belonging to multiply, but this system also has many problems; the completion of the socialist transformation of the reform and opening up, the implementation of the rural land system is an important means of production such as land belonging to the collective, unified management. Peasant's income growth is slow, living standards have not improved significantly, happiness the level is low; since the reform and opening up, the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, the period of grain yield reached the highest value, improve farmers' income, farmers' happiness index reached another height. But with the development of market economy, the household contract responsibility system gradually showing some defects: the structure of property rights in rural areas the land is not clear, rural land use right of the poor, the degree of market is low, difficult to increase farmers' income, farmers after the expropriation of land rights can not be fully guaranteed, so that the farmers Happiness is declining. Therefore, the current household contract responsibility system can not be the last destination of the rural land system in China, so it is imperative to rationalize and innovate the farmland system.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

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