激励性耕地保护制度研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 09:01

本文关键词：激励性耕地保护制度研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从我国1950年第一部土地法颁布至今,我国已经逐步形成了以禁限性管制为中心的耕地保护法律体系,并对我国耕地的保护发挥了无可比拟的作用。但是,时至今日,以禁限性管制为中心的耕地保护法律体系的弊端却日益显露,我国目前城镇化进程中大量存在的耕地抛荒、农民弃地等现象即是明证。究其原因,我国已经经历三十多年的改革开放,市场已经成为社会、经济运行的主要推动力量,成为国家进行资源配置的主要手段,而禁限性管制往往与市场主体逐利的“经济人”本质相违,自然导致管制的功效不彰。同时,从世界发达国家的耕地保护经验来看,一个重视耕地保护,致力提高耕地保护效率的政府,更侧重于利用激励手段保护耕地。因此,引入激励性耕地保护制度,不仅是迎合市场经济发展的需求,克服我国禁限性耕地保护制度的弊端的必然选择;更是充分调动耕地保护主体的积极性,提高耕地保护效率的必然选择。本文力图从激励性耕地保护制度的内涵出发,以外部性理论和公共产品理论为基础,论证引入激励性耕地保护制度的合理性与必然性,并通过对我国耕地保护制度历史与现状的梳理,指出我国耕地保护制度存在的问题,从而在“激励”的逻辑框架下,有针对性的构建符合中国国情的激励性耕地保护制度,提高耕地保护主体保护耕地的积极性,遏制农民抛荒弃地及耕地非农利用的趋势,实现保护耕地的最终目的。本文出去引言和结语外,共包括四个部分,约3万5千字:第一部分,激励性耕地保护制度的界定。从激励的内涵出发,通过对激励性耕地保护制度的涵义、内容的界定,为进一步的理论分析界定范围。第二部分,激励性耕地保护制度的理论基础。本部分主要通过对外部性理论、公共产品理论的介绍,指明对耕地保护进行激励的原因就在于耕地存在巨大的外部效益,并且,这种外部效益是一种公共产品,而激励正是政府促进外部性的内部化,实现耕地外部效益的充分供给,促进耕地保护目的实现的重要途径。第三部分,我国耕地保护制度的历史沿革及其问题的实证分析。该部分通过对建国以来耕地保护领域相关法律法规的梳理,提炼出“禁限性耕地保护制度”和“激励性耕地保护制度”在我国相关政策、法规中的具体表现,并以此为基础,指出现行耕地管制制度所存在的激励问题,从而为进一步的理论构建和制度革新提供基点。第四部分,激励性耕地保护制度的构建。该部分通过对国内以及国外相关制度的借鉴,构建具有中国特色的农业地役权制度,从而完善农村土地产权制度;创建耕地保护基金制度,并针对耕地占用税和农业补贴进行补充完善,完整的构建符合我国国情和经济发展状况的激励性耕地保护制度,从而顺利实现外部性的内部化,实现耕地保护的最终目的。
[Abstract]:From 1950 China's first land law issued so far, China has gradually formed with the restriction of control as the center of the legal system of cultivated land protection, and protection of cultivated land in China has played the role of There is nothing comparable to this. But today, with the restriction of control as the center of the cultivated land protection protection legal system has defects increasingly, there are a lot of abandoned land in our country at present in the process of urbanization, farmers abandoned such phenomenon is the proof. The reason, China has experienced thirty years of reform and opening up, the market has become the main driving force of social and economic operation, the main means to become the national allocation of resources, and the restriction of the main body of the market and regulation often profit "economic man" essence contrary, naturally leads to control effect not obvious. At the same time, the cultivated land protection from the experience of developed countries in the world, a great importance to the protection of arable land, to improve farming The protection efficiency of the government is more focused on the use of incentives to protect cultivated land. Therefore, the introduction of incentive system of cultivated land protection, is not only to meet the needs of the market economy, the inevitable choice of our country to overcome the restriction of the drawbacks of the system of cultivated land protection; is to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the cultivated land protection body, improve the inevitable choice of cultivated land the protection efficiency. This paper starts from the connotation of incentive farmland protection system, the externality theory and public goods theory, demonstrates the rationality and necessity of introducing the incentive system of the protection of cultivated land, and through the history and current situation of China's arable land protection system combing, pointed out the existence of China's arable land protection system problems. Thus in the logical framework of "incentive", the incentive system of cultivated land protection to construct Chinese conditions, improve the protection of cultivated land area subject to protect farmland, curb The trend of farmers abandoned land and non-agricultural land use, to achieve the ultimate goal of cultivated land protection. This paper out the introduction and conclusion, consists of four parts, about 30 thousand and 5 words: the first part, the definition of incentive system for protecting farmland. Starting from the connotation of incentive, the incentive of cultivated land protection system in the meaning of the content the definition, scope for further theoretical analysis. In the second part, the theoretical basis of incentive system for protecting farmland. This part mainly through the externality theory, public goods theory, pointed out the reasons for the protection of arable land is farmland incentive has great external benefit and external benefit, this is a kind of public product however, incentive is the government to promote the internalization of externalities, the full supply of external benefits of cultivated land, an important way to promote the protection of arable land to achieve the purpose of the third part, China's cultivated land An empirical analysis of the history and problems of nursing system. This part of the farmland protection areas since the founding of the relevant laws and regulations of the sort, refine the restriction of land protection system "and" incentive farmland protection system in our country related policies and regulations in the specific form, and on this basis, point out the incentive problems for farmland control system, so as to provide the basis for further theoretical construction and system innovation. The fourth part, the construction of incentive system for protecting farmland. This part through to the domestic and foreign related system, build a system of agricultural Chinese characteristics of the easement, in order to improve the rural land property rights system; create the cultivated land protection fund system, and for the farmland occupation tax and agricultural subsidies to complement construction to conform to the development situation of China's national conditions and economic incentive to protect farmland complete The system can realize the internalization of the externality smoothly, and realize the ultimate aim of the protection of cultivated land.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

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