我国设施西红柿生产成本收益研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 14:03

本文关键词：我国设施西红柿生产成本收益研究　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是世界上最大的蔬菜生产国和消费国。多年来,我国蔬菜生产持续稳定发展,与此同时设施蔬菜也得到大力发展,西红柿是我们日常食用最多的蔬菜之一,近年来经济效益得到显著增加。但从质量和规模上能与发达国家相较的很少,农产品在国际市场中的竞争力较弱,而且近年来发现,有些地区结构不合理,出现投资大、效益差的现象,对比近年来全国设施西红柿与露地蔬菜的成本利润率,发现设施西红柿利润率虽高于露地西红柿利润率,但成本收益率却大大低于露地西红柿的成本收益率,生产者为获得利润付出的代价过大,成本费用控制的并不是很好,而且对比发现,在一些省份出现棚型结构贪大求洋、产品质量相对较低的情况。所以根据当前设施西红柿的生产情况,分析设施西红柿生产过程中农业资源要素的利用效率,找到整个行业的问题所在,探讨我国设施西红柿合理控制成本,提高效率的途径,是缓解当前设施蔬菜市场出现的问题,提高设施蔬菜生产效率,对生产者增产增收,有着重大的意义。本文首先介绍了当前设施西红柿发展的大背景,又根据国内外学者对设施农业、设施蔬菜、设施西红柿基于成本收益的研究分别进行了综述,其次对影响设施西红柿生产成本的因素进行了分析,针对设施西红柿的可控因素包括直接物质费用投入、间接投入、人工投入、土地租金投入对农业产出的相关性作出合理解释,从第三章开始,分析了我国设施西红柿生产的投入产出近几年来的基本情况以及变化趋势,再与露地西红柿从成本利润率、成本投入、净利润方面进行了比较分析,从整体各个方面对设施西红柿投入产出进行了解释。最后采用C-D生产函数对全国范围具有代表性的22个省份近三年来的成本收益与产出进行分析,测算了各个省份不同年份各项成本投入的边际效益,同时分析了我国设施西红柿生产率的提高途径,有针对性地提出促进我国设施西红柿生产及产业发展的对策和建议。本文主要结论:1.物质服务费和人工费是设施西红柿总成本的主要构成要素,在物质服务费用中,农膜和化肥占比重很大,所以为了减少设施西红柿的总成本,就要合理控制农膜和化肥的使用效率,同时,也要注意到,近年来人工成本急速上升,对人力的合理利用也是控制成本的有效办法。2.设施西红柿生产的每亩总成本要高于露地西红柿生产总成本,同时,设施西红柿的每亩利润率高于露地西红柿每亩利润率,但是研究发现,设施西红柿的每亩成本利润率低于露地西红柿平均每亩成本利润率,说明设施西红柿,要获得高的净利润,付出的成本过高。3.利用C-D对近几年来设施西红柿成本收益进行纵向分析,发现土地租金投入相较于各种投入边际效益最高,而直接物质生产成本、人工成本、间接成本的边际效益都小于1,间接成本的边际效益更是为负数,说明从全国来看,加大生产成本、人工成本、间接成本的投入对设施蔬菜的产出影响不大,基本不会造成正效益。4.利用C-D对各个省份设施西红柿成本收益进行横向分析,发现土地租金投入不足是全国现象,增加收益最有效的办法就是努力提高土地的投资收益率,同时对各个省份的直接生产物质投入进行分析,发现北京、山西、辽宁等地直接生产物质投入指标均有较多的冗余量,冗余比例最高的是肥料费用5.根据具体问题提出合理建议:因地制宜,适当扩大种植规模;改善管理,增加产品生产收益;推广技术,促进产业技术的进步;合理配置,提高产业技术效率;政策引导,建立长期有效机制。
[Abstract]:China is the world's largest vegetable production and consumption country. Over the years, China's sustained and stable development of vegetable production, vegetable has been developing at the same time, tomato is our daily consumption of most vegetables in recent years, the economic benefits have been significantly increased. But little from the quality and scale can be compared with the developed countries, weak competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market, but in recent years, some areas appear unreasonable structure, big investment, poor efficiency of the phenomenon, compared to recent years, national facilities tomatoes and open field vegetables cost profit rate, profit rate is higher than that found in facilities tomatoes tomatoes profit margins, but the cost is significantly lower than the rate of return in tomatoes cost income rate, producer profit cost is too large, the cost control is not very good, but also found that in some provinces Shed type structure of the greedy big ocean, the quality of the products is relatively low. So according to the current production facilities of tomatoes, analysis the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources facilities tomatoes in the production process of the whole industry, find the problem, to explore China's Tomato facilities reasonable cost control, improve the efficiency of the channel is to ease the current facilities the vegetable market, improve the production efficiency of vegetable, producers to increase production, is of great significance. This paper first introduces the background of the current facilities tomato development, according to the domestic and foreign scholars to the agricultural facilities, facilities vegetables, tomato research facilities based on cost benefit are reviewed, then analyzes the factors the facility tomato production cost, the controllable factors including direct material costs tomato facilities investment, indirect investment, artificial investment The land rent input correlation on agricultural output to make reasonable explanations, from the beginning of the third chapter, analyzes the trends and input-output facilities tomatoes production in China's basic situation in recent years, with the field of tomatoes from the cost profit rate, cost, net profit is compared, from the overall aspects the interpretation of the facilities. The input and output of tomatoes in 22 provinces of C-D production function representative of the nationwide cost income and output in recent three years were analyzed, calculated the marginal benefit of various provinces in different years the cost of investment, and analyses the facilities tomato productivity in China to improve the way put forward to promote our facilities tomato production and industry development of countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions of this paper: 1. service fee and fee is assembly facilities tomatoes The main elements in the material, service fees, and large proportion of agricultural fertilizer, so in order to reduce the total cost of facilities of tomatoes, use efficiency, it is reasonable to control agricultural and fertilizer at the same time, it should also be noted that in recent years the rapid rise in labor costs, reasonable utilization of human resources are also control the total cost per mu the effective way of.2. facilities tomato production costs than the total cost, in tomato production facilities at the same time, tomato profit rate is higher than in tomatoes per acre per mu profit rate, but the study found that the cost per mu profit rate is lower than in tomatoes tomatoes facilities per acre cost margins, explanation facility tomatoes, to obtain high net profit, pay the high cost of.3. by C-D in the last few years the cost of facility cultured tomato for longitudinal analysis found that income, land rent input compared to the marginal investment The highest efficiency, while the direct material cost, labor cost and marginal benefit of indirect costs are less than 1, the marginal benefit of indirect costs is more negative, from the national perspective, increase the production cost, labor cost, indirect cost input to output the shadow vegetable ring little, basically does not cause a positive benefit of.4. by C-D horizontal analysis of each province tomatoes cost income found inadequate facilities, land rent is the phenomenon of increased investment, the most effective way to improve the land income is the rate of return on investment, while direct production of material for each province investment analysis, found in Beijing, Shanxi, Liaoning and other places of direct material input production indexes were more redundancy, redundancy is the highest proportion of fertilizer costs 5. according to the specific problems and propose reasonable suggestions: according to local conditions, appropriate to expand the scale of planting; improve management, increase production The production income, the promotion of technology, the promotion of the progress of industrial technology, the rational allocation, the improvement of the industrial technology efficiency, the policy guidance, and the establishment of a long-term effective mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.13

【参考文献】