耕地集约化评价指标体系与评价方法研究进展

发布时间：2018-01-02 05:14

本文关键词：耕地集约化评价指标体系与评价方法研究进展　出处：《中国农业科学》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：耕地集约化是社会经济发展、土地面积约束、人口增长与技术进步等压力作用下人类土地利用的必然选择。作者在论文中从耕地集约化、农业可持续利用、生态保护及粮食安全的互动框架切入,对现有耕地集约化评价指标体系进行了系统梳理,构建了基于互动框架的耕地集约化评价指标体系,并对现有技术、方法及相关成果分别评述,提出了下一步的研究要点及发展方向。研究认为耕地集约化、农业可持续、生态环境及粮食安全之间主要存在正负双重及互相促进作用。目前评价指标体系主要从频度、投入、产出、潜力、增产、综合指标体系、集约度及能值等多个方面考虑。基于互动框架的耕地集约化评价指标体系包括地均劳动力投入、地均化肥、农药投入及灌溉指数等基本指标,粮食安全系数、非农指数和人均耕地面积等表征农业可持续的指标,地下水矿化度、生物多样性和碳排放等影响生态保护的指标,以及复种指数、稳产指数、粮食单产和地均产值等与粮食安全密切的指标;具体评价时还需依据不同研究区、研究尺度进行针对性选择和修订。研究方法中,频度指标是遥感技术在耕地集约化领域的重点关注热点之一;潜力指标以模型模拟为主;增产指标中,产量差研究成果丰富,收获面积差所受关注较少;集约度综合测度模型也是较为常用的方法。此外,还可引入其他相关成果开展评价。今后耕地集约化指标类型呈多样化态势,需推动新方法与新技术手段的综合集成。
[Abstract]:Intensive cultivated land is the inevitable choice of human land use under the pressure of social and economic development, land area constraints, population growth and technological progress. The interactive framework of ecological protection and food security, the existing cultivated land intensive evaluation index system was systematically combed, based on the interactive framework of cultivated land intensive evaluation index system, and the existing technology. Methods and related achievements were reviewed, and the next research points and development direction were put forward. The research concluded that cultivated land was intensive and agriculture was sustainable. The ecological environment and food security play a positive and negative role. At present, the evaluation index system is mainly from frequency, input, output, potential, production increase, comprehensive index system. Based on the interactive framework, the evaluation index system of cultivated land intensity includes the input of average labor force, chemical fertilizer, pesticide input and irrigation index, and the coefficient of food safety. Non-agricultural index and per capita cultivated land area, such as indicators of agricultural sustainability, groundwater salinity, biodiversity and carbon emissions and other indicators affecting ecological protection, as well as multiple cropping index, yield stability index. Grain yield per unit and local average output value and other closely related indicators of food security; It is necessary to select and revise the research scale according to different research areas. In the research method, the frequency index is one of the key focuses of remote sensing technology in the field of cultivated land intensification. Model simulation is the main potential index; In the index of yield increase, the research results of yield difference are rich, and less attention is paid to the difference of harvest area. In addition, other relevant results can be introduced to carry out evaluation. In the future, the cultivated land intensive index types are diversified. It is necessary to promote the integration of new methods and new technologies.
【作者单位】：天津工业大学管理学院;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部农业信息技术重点实验室;
【基金】：教育部人文社科项目(16YJCZH082,16YJC630149) 农业部财政专项(2016MOA616-3)
【分类号】：F323.211
【正文快照】： 集约化发生在土地面积为约束条件的情况下,非土地投入不断增加的过程中,边际收益恰好等于边际成本的临界点[1]。BROOKFIELD[2]描述集约化是为了获得较高的长期产品,用劳动力、资本和技术或者其中任何组合替代固化土地进行生产的过程。农业土地集约化概念的提出较早[3],KATES[4

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