定居工程实施背景下牧民的生计风险及应对策略——以新疆阿勒泰地区为例

发布时间：2018-01-03 03:14

本文关键词：定居工程实施背景下牧民的生计风险及应对策略——以新疆阿勒泰地区为例　出处：《北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：阿勒泰地区是全国和新疆自治区的重要牧区之一,在退耕还林(草)工程、牧民定居工程等农牧业重大政策实施过程中,当地农牧户也面临各种生产生活压力,暴露于各种风险之中.本文通过对阿勒泰地区牧民进行随机入户调查,探讨了牧民面临的主要生计风险及其应对策略,并采用二元Probit回归模型分析了影响牧民风险应对策略选择的主要因素.结果表明:1)牧民面临的主要风险问题为市场风险、就业风险、子女教育/婚姻风险、医疗风险等,牧民最担心的生计风险为子女教育/婚姻问题,其次是医疗风险.2)牧民最常采用的风险应对策略是政府救济,也会采取寻求他人帮助、社会保险、出售资产、外出务工等应对策略,最少采用的应对策略是孩子辍学.3)金融资本、人力资本是影响牧民风险应对策略选择的主要因素,物质资本、自然资本次之,社会资本影响最弱.从提高牧民生计风险抵御能力角度出发,提出了促进牧民稳定定居的政策建议.
[Abstract]:Altay region is one of the important pastoral areas in the whole country and Xinjiang Autonomous region. In the process of implementing major policies such as returning cropland to forest (grass) project and herdsman settlement project, local farmers and pastoralists are also faced with various kinds of production and living pressure. This paper discusses the main livelihood risks faced by herdsmen and their coping strategies through a random household survey of herdsmen in Altay area. The main factors influencing herdsmen's risk coping strategies are analyzed by using binary Probit regression model. The results show that the main risk problems facing herdsmen are market risk and employment risk. Children's education / marriage risk, medical risk and so on. The livelihood risk of herdsmen is children's education / marriage, followed by medical risk. 2) the most frequently used risk coping strategy is government relief. They also use coping strategies such as seeking help from others, social insurance, selling assets, and migrant workers. The least used coping strategies are children dropping out of school. 3) Financial capital. Human capital is the main factor to influence herdsmen's risk coping strategy choice, material capital, natural capital is the second, social capital is the weakest. From the point of view of improving herdsmen's livelihood risk resistance. The policy suggestion of promoting herdsmen's stable settlement is put forward.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学地理科学学部资源学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划课题资助项目(2014BAC15B04) 国家自然科学基金资助项目(40871135)
【分类号】：F323.6
【正文快照】： “逐水草而居”“四季转场放牧”是游牧民族传统生产生活方式的真实写照.这种自然经济形式具有游移、单一、脆弱的特点,易遭受自然灾害特别是极端气候影响,使牧民暴露于周围的生计风险之中[1-4].目前的研究从风险与脆弱性[5-6]、可持续生计[7-8]等角度对农户所面临的生计风险

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