河北省黄骅市盐碱地宜耕评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 15:43

本文关键词：河北省黄骅市盐碱地宜耕评价研究　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地资源的有限性和人们对土地资源的极高的需求性注定了土地资源的稀缺性。在人地矛盾日益突出的今天,如何增加耕地面积和提升耕地质量成为了我们亟待解决的问题。盐碱地资源是后备耕地资源的重要组成部分之一,将盐碱地开发利用为耕地资源既可以保证耕地的占补平衡,也能够保证社会发展、城镇建设的发展进程,确保耕地总量不会发生变化。对适宜作为耕地的盐碱地土地开发成为耕地,可以增加土地面积,保障我国的粮食产量。本文以河北省黄骅市为研究区,以未利用的盐碱地作为研究对象,介绍了黄骅市的地理位置、社会经济状况、土地利用现状。对黄骅市盐碱地的土壤肥力状况进行了科学的分析,并对黄骅市的盐碱地进行了耕地适宜性评价。对黄骅市盐碱地进行了实地调查和土壤样点的采集,对所采集的土壤样点的p H、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、含盐量等指标数据进行了测定,对黄骅市盐碱地区域的土壤肥力状况进行了分析。在耕地适宜性评价方面,根据选取指标因子的原则及咨询专家确定了9个因子作为评价因子,利用层次分析法对所选取的评价因子的权重值进行确定,利用GIS软件将黄骅市盐碱地区域进行了栅格化处理,制作各个评价指标的量化分级图,运用加权指数和法及GIS软件对黄骅市盐碱地进行耕地适宜性评价并将其划分为四个等别。所得结论如下:(1)在黄骅市各乡镇的未利用的盐碱地中,土壤的盐分含量和速效磷的差异性较大,其差异性最大的乡镇分别是旧城镇和齐家务乡,其变异系数分别为163.75%和134.7%。土壤p H的差异性最小,差异性最大的乡镇是旧城镇,其变异系数为6.91%,差异性最小的乡镇是齐家务乡,其变异系数为1.9%。(2)经评价,一级适宜耕地的面积为29.57平方千米,占盐碱地总面积的9.08%;二级适宜耕地的面积为165.8平方千米,占盐碱地总面积的50.91%;三级适宜作耕地的面积为100平方千米,占盐碱地总面积的30.71%;不适宜作耕地的面积为30.3平方千米,占总面积的9.3%。
[Abstract]:The limitation of land resources and people's high demand for land resources doomed the scarcity of land resources. Today, the contradiction between man and land is becoming more and more prominent. How to increase the area of cultivated land and improve the quality of cultivated land has become an urgent problem. Saline land resources is one of the important components of reserve cultivated land resources. The exploitation and utilization of saline-alkali land as cultivated land resources can not only guarantee the balance of the occupation and compensation of cultivated land, but also ensure the development process of social development and urban construction. To ensure that the total amount of cultivated land will not change. The development of saline-alkali land suitable for cultivated land can increase the land area and ensure the grain yield of our country. This paper takes Huanghua City of Hebei Province as the research area. Taking the unused saline-alkali land as the research object, this paper introduces the geographical location, social and economic situation, land use status of Huanghua City, and carries on the scientific analysis to the soil fertility condition of the saline-alkali land in Huanghua City. Field investigation and soil sampling were carried out on the saline-alkali land in Huanghua. The pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of the soil samples were collected. The available potassium, salt content and other index data were measured, and the soil fertility in saline-alkali soil of Huanghua City was analyzed, and the suitability of cultivated land was evaluated. According to the principle of selecting index factors and consulting experts, 9 factors are determined as evaluation factors, and the weight of the selected evaluation factors is determined by AHP. The saline-alkali soil area of Huanghua City was rasterized by GIS software, and the quantitative grading map of each evaluation index was made. Using weighted index sum method and GIS software to evaluate the suitability of cultivated land in Huanghua City and divide it into four categories. The conclusions are as follows: 1) in the unused saline-alkali land of villages and towns in Huanghua. The difference of soil salt content and available phosphorus is great, the biggest difference is the old town and Qijiawu township. The coefficient of variation was 163.75% and 134.7, respectively. The difference of soil pH was the smallest, and the biggest difference was in the old town, and the coefficient of variation was 6.91%. The least difference is Qijiawu Township, whose coefficient of variation is 1.90.2.After evaluation, the area of first-grade suitable cultivated land is 29.57 square kilometers, which accounts for 9.08 of the total area of saline-alkali land. The area of the second grade suitable cultivated land is 165.8 square kilometers, accounting for 50.91% of the total area of saline-alkali land; The area of the third grade suitable cultivated land is 100 square kilometers, which accounts for 30.71% of the total area of saline-alkali land; The area of unsuitable cultivated land is 30.3 square kilometers, accounting for 9.3 percent of the total area.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

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