中国粮食生产的水资源利用特征评价

发布时间：2018-01-03 19:09

本文关键词：中国粮食生产的水资源利用特征评价　出处：《华中农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：基于标准彭曼公式,利用CROPWAT软件测量了中国31个省区粮食作物的绿水、蓝水及灰水足迹,并在此基础上对粮食生产的耗水量、生态修复需水量以及水资源利用效率进行了评价。结果显示:小麦、玉米和水稻三种粮食作物对水资源的消耗数量和类型存在较大地区差异,河南、山东等省份具有较高的水资源使用量,而浙江、福建等省份用于粮食生产的水资源数量相对较少,江苏、浙江等降雨量充沛的省份具有相对较高的绿水消耗比重,而陕西、甘肃等水资源稀缺省份具有较高的蓝水消耗比重;1998-2013年三种粮食作物的灰水足迹总量均在总体上呈现出上升趋势,其中水稻的灰水足迹总量相对最高,灰水足迹总量较大的地区主要集中于东北、华北、华东、华中等区域,表明这些地区对生态修复水量的需求较大;我国粮食作物的水足迹强度在总体上呈现出下降趋势,表明水资源利用效率得到了提高,空间分析结果显示水足迹强度具有显著的全局与局域空间正相关特征,其中相比于西北和华北地区,西南、华东和华南地区具有相对较低的水足迹强度,意味着这些地区具有较高的水资源利用效率。
[Abstract]:Based on the standard Pengmangong formula, the footprint of green water, blue water and gray water of grain crops in 31 provinces and regions of China was measured by CROPWAT software, and the water consumption of grain production was based on this. The results showed that there were significant regional differences in the consumption and types of water resources among wheat, corn and rice crops. Shandong and other provinces have a higher water use, while Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces for food production is relatively small amount of water resources, Jiangsu. Provinces with abundant rainfall such as Zhejiang have relatively high proportion of green water consumption, while provinces with scarce water resources such as Shaanxi and Gansu have higher proportion of blue water consumption. From 1998 to 2013, the total ash water footprint of three kinds of grain crops showed an upward trend, and the total ash water footprint of rice was the highest. The large amount of ash water footprint is mainly concentrated in the Northeast, North China, East China, Central China and other regions, indicating that these areas have a large demand for ecological restoration water; The water footprint intensity of grain crops in China showed a downward trend on the whole, which indicated that the water resource utilization efficiency had been improved. The spatial analysis results showed that the water footprint intensity had a significant positive correlation between the overall situation and the local space. Compared with Northwest China and North China, Southwest, East and South China have relatively low water footprint, which means that these areas have higher water use efficiency.
【作者单位】：浙江大学管理学院;
【基金】：浙江省自然科学基金重点项目“外部冲击对中国粮食供求的影响研究:基于全球农业市场分析模型”(LZ13G030002)
【分类号】：F323.213;F326.11
【正文快照】： 水足迹概念由Hoekstra于2002年提出,它弥补了以往水资源核算方法的不足,为评价粮食生产的水资源利用状况提供了新的思路。与传统水资源评价体系不同,粮食作物水足迹包含绿水足迹、蓝水足迹和灰水足迹三种,分别是粮食作物生产过程中所蒸腾的存在于土壤中的雨水资源量,粮食生产

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