甘谷县土地资源承载力及其动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 21:36

本文关键词：甘谷县土地资源承载力及其动态变化研究　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来随着城市化和城镇化的快速推进,人口的增加,如何更有效更科学地配置土地资源、提高土地生产能力、增强土地资源承载力的研究具有重要的意义.本文以位于甘肃东部的甘谷县为研究区域,在前人土地资源承载力研究的基础上,根据甘谷县耕地、粮食生产能力、人口等情况,通过单位面积粮食产量来判断各地区的粮食生产能力.基于人口和粮食生产之间的关系,构造土地资源承载力模型(LCC)与土地资源承载力指数模型(LCCI),系统分析了甘谷县2003—2012年之间土地资源承载力的变化,分别从甘谷县全县、三个区域(渭河川道区、北山地区、南山地区)和各乡镇的空间尺度评价了各区土地资源承载力,研究了2003-2012年甘谷县土地资源承载力变化及未来发展趋势.主要取得如下研究结果：2003-2012年间甘谷县土地资源承载力指数从1.938下降到1.391,人口超载数从287430人下降到178341人,土地资源承载力逐步增强,从人口严重超载变为人口过载,人口与粮食的矛盾得到了缓解,但甘谷县的土地资源承载力仍处于粮食短缺、人口超载的状态,人的口粮基本需要与粮食生产之间的矛盾十分突出,2012年仍超载17万人,且各区域、各乡镇土地资源承载力地域差异较大,粮食需求将继续依靠粮食贸易的现状没有改变,并且短期内不会有改变。甘谷县土地资源承载力指数与土地生产能力具有类似的发展趋势,土地资源承载力的增强主要取决于土地生产能力的提升。2012年比2003年甘谷县人口增加了40949人,粮食亩产从160.2公斤/亩增加到250.36公斤/亩,虽然全县耕地面积减少了7803.53亩,但通过土地平整和梯田建设,生产条件较好的平地面积增加了104849.77亩,致使粮食增产60015.12吨,土地资源承载力指数下降到1.39.这些数据说明近10年间通过耕种条件的改善和种植结构的调整,甘谷县土地生产能力得到了加强,土地资源承载力也得到了增强,可以预见甘谷县土地资源承载力指数将继续呈现震荡中缓慢走低的趋势。甘谷县土地资源承载力区域差异显著。渭河川道区土地生产能力最强,土地资源承载力指数远远高出全县和其他地区,土地资源承载力最为脆弱,造成这种现象的原因是人口众多和耕地稀少。从2012年度的相关数据的分析可以看出,渭河川道区拥有全县24.14%的耕地,生产了27.88%的粮食,却要供养全县53.29%的人口,土地资源承载力指数高达3.59,人口严重超载；北山地区土地资源承载力指数是全县最低的,北山地区各乡镇粮食生产能力相对稳定,耕地众多,是甘谷县主要的粮食生产区,从2012年度相关数据可以看出,北山地区的耕地占全县耕地面积的66.72%,生产了全县64.11%的粮食,但人口只占全县人口的38.52%,土地资源承载力指数为0.82,呈现粮食盈余状态；南山地区土地资源承载力指数呈现先高后低的趋势,从2007年起己低于全县土地资源承载力指数值,从土地生产能力的研究可以看出南山地区的土地生产能力是在稳步的加强,从2012年的数据来看,南山地区9.14%的耕地,生产了8%的粮食,供养着全县8.2%的人口,土地资源承载力指数为1.48,呈现人口过载状态。增强甘谷县土地资源承载力首先是有效地保护好现有耕地,通过实施土地综合整治、水土保护等项目,以质量补数量,以增加优质耕地的数量来应对耕地稀少这个现实；其次是加强农田水利设施的建设,增加有效灌溉农田面积,减少干旱对粮食生产的影；再次就是积极推广旱作农业,选择抗旱性好产量高的作物种植,使粮食产量稳步提升.通过这些手段来提高土地生产能力,达到粮食增产的目的,从而增强土地资源承载力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of city and urbanization, the increase of population, how to more effective and more scientific allocation of land resources, improve the production capacity of the land, it is significant to strengthen the research on land resources carrying capacity. This paper is located in eastern Gansu Gangu County as the study area, based on the previous research on the bearing capacity of land resources according to the Gangu County, cultivated land, grain production capacity, population, the grain yield per unit area to determine the regional grain production capacity. The relationship between population and grain production based on the bearing capacity of construction land resources (LCC) and the land carrying capacity index model (LCCI), analyzed the changes between from 2003 to 2012 in Gangu county land resources carrying capacity, respectively, from Gangu County, three regions (Weihe plain area, Beishan area, Nanshan District) and the township spatial scale evaluation of the district The bearing capacity of land resources, the land resources in Gangu county during 2003-2012 stress change and the future development trend of bearing. The main results were as follows: 2003-2012 years, Gangu county land resources carrying capacity index decreased from 1.938 to 1.391, the number of population overload decreased from 287430 to 178341, gradually increase the carrying capacity of land resources, the serious overloading population as population overload, the contradiction between population and food has been eased, but Gangu county land resources carrying capacity is still in the food shortage, population overload, people's basic needs of food production rations and contradiction between the very prominent, in 2012 still overloaded 170 thousand, and the area of the township, the bearing capacity of land resources, regional differences large, food demand will continue to rely on the status quo of food trade has not changed, and the short term will not change. The Gangu county land resource bearing capacity index and soil production The force has a similar trend, land resources carrying capacity enhancement mainly depends on the production capacity of the land to raise.2012 years than the population of Gangu County in 2003 increased by 40949, grain yield from 160.2 kg / mu increased to 250.36 kg / mu, although a decrease of 7803.53 mu of arable land throughout the county, but the land leveling and terrace construction. Flat area better production conditions increased by 104849.77 mu, the grain yield of 60015.12 tons, down to 1.39. to improve these data show that nearly 10 years by farming conditions carrying capacity of land resources and the adjustment of planting structure, Gangu county land production capacity has been strengthened, the bearing capacity of land resources has been enhanced, land resources can be predicted Gangu county bearing capacity index will continue to show a concussion in the slow down trend. The bearing capacity of land resources in Gangu county. The regional difference of land in Weihe plain area Production capacity of the strongest, land carrying capacity index is much higher than the county and other areas, land resources carrying capacity of the most vulnerable, this is caused by a large population and scarce land. From the analysis of the relevant data of the year 2012 can be seen, Weihe Sichuan Road area has 24.14% of the county's cultivated land, the production of the 27.88% food. He had to support 53.29% of the county's population, land resources carrying capacity index is as high as 3.59, serious overloading population; land resources in Beishan area carrying capacity index is the lowest in the county, the grain production capacity of the township Beishan area is relatively stable, the cultivated land is numerous, Gangu county is the main grain production area, from the year 2012 related data can be seen in the land area of the total arable land 66.72%, 64.11% of the county's grain production, but the population accounted for only 38.52% of the county's population, land resources carrying capacity index was 0.82, showed a surplus of grain More than the state of land resources; Nanshan area carrying capacity index showed a trend from high to low, from 2007 onwards has been lower than the county land resources carrying capacity index, from the research of the production capacity of the land can be seen in Nanshan area of land production capacity has been steadily strengthened, from the 2012 data, Nanshan District 9.14% of the cultivated land production 8% of the food, to support the county's 8.2% population, land carrying capacity index was 1.48, showed a population overload state. Enhancement of land resources in Gangu county is the first bearing capacity effectively protect the existing cultivated land, through the implementation of land remediation, soil and water conservation projects, the number of up to the quality, to increase the number of high quality cultivated land to deal with the reality of the scarcity of arable land; the second is to strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities, increase the effective irrigation area, reduce drought on food production; again is to actively promote the drought For agriculture, we should choose crops with good drought resistance and high yield, so as to increase grain production steadily. Through these means, we can improve land productivity and achieve the goal of increasing grain production, so as to enhance the carrying capacity of land resources.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

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