河南粮食持续增产存在的问题及对策

发布时间：2018-01-07 17:23

本文关键词：河南粮食持续增产存在的问题及对策　出处：《河南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河南省是人口大省,也是农业大省、粮食生产大省。作为全国的粮食生产核心区,河南用全国1/16的耕地生产出了全国1/10的粮食,不仅解决了河南省一亿多人的口粮问题,每年还向外调出200亿kg的商品粮和粮食制成品,为保障国家粮食安全做出了重要贡献。2008年,国务院批复河南省粮食生产核心区建设规划。我国规划新增500亿kg粮食生产能力,分解到河南150亿kg,即到2020年,河南粮食总产量要达到650亿kg,河南的粮食生产任重道远。在河南人多地少的省情下,只有不断提高土地的单产才能保障粮食的持续增产。目前,传统的农户仍然是粮食生产的主力军;在新型农业经营主体中,农民专业合作社经过多年的发展,日趋壮大成熟,辐射带动作用明显增强,而家庭农场是国家大力支持和倡导的新兴农业经营主体。这三种粮食生产主体的粮食种植水平直接影响到河南的粮食生产,因此研究河南省传统农户、农民专业合作社、家庭农场的现状、存在问题以及发展对策具有重要的战略意义。本研究在河南50个种粮大县,通过统计调研法选取种植粮食作物的农户300户、农民专业合作社80家、家庭农场40家,以问卷调查和实地调研得到的数据为基础,研究分析农户的家庭现状、种粮的生产效益和田间管理技术,农民专业合作社和家庭农场的基本情况、经营管理现状、生产效益和发展的瓶颈,指出河南粮食持续增产存在的问题,并提出相应的对策。通过调查与研究分析,河南粮食增产存在如下问题:1.传统农户的种植技术仍然落后,农民种粮收益小,种粮积极性低,农民专业合作社和家庭农场经营管理水平有待提升,缺乏资金、技术、政策等扶持;2.传统农户期望提高粮食产量,农民专业合作社、家庭农场扩大经营规模的意愿强烈,但是相关部门的服务和制度不完善,制约其进一步发展;3.政府的引导和社会服务对农户、农民专业合作社、家庭农场的发展,在解决河南粮食持续增产中仍起重要的作用。河南粮食持续增产的主要途径与发展策略:1.完善粮食价格形成机制;2.加强农业推广体系建设;3.提升社会化服务水平;4.完善农村土地流转机制;5.加强农业基础设施建设;6.大力培育新型职业农民。
[Abstract]:Henan province has a large population, but also a major agricultural province, the grain producing province. As the core area of food production in China, with the Henan national farmland 1/16 produced the national 1/10 food, not only solve the problem of rations to more than 100000000 people in Henan Province, a year out of 20 billion kg out of grain and food manufactured goods, make for the protection of national food security an important contribution to.2008 years, the State Council approved the planning and construction of grain production in Henan province. The core area planning in China in the new food production capacity of 50 billion kg, down to 15 billion kg in Henan and Henan by 2020, the total grain yield will reach 65 billion kg, the grain production of Henan has a long way to go. In Henan were much less the situation in the province, only constantly improve the sustained increase of land productivity to ensure food. At present, the traditional farmers are still the main force of grain production; in the new agricultural enterprises, farmers' professional cooperation Agency, after years of development, gradually mature, leading role of radiation significantly enhanced, while the family farm is a new agricultural business entities of state support and advocacy. The three main grain production in the grain production level directly affects the grain production of Henan, so the study of traditional farmers in Henan Province, the status of farmer cooperatives, family farms that has important strategic significance. The existing problems and development countermeasure research in Henan 50 grain county, through the statistical research method to select planting crops, 300 households, 80 farmer cooperatives, family farms 40, obtained by questionnaire and on-the-spot investigation data as the basis, analysis of the current situation of farmers' family study the production efficiency, and field management technology for grain production, the basic situation of farmer cooperatives and family farms, the present situation of management, production efficiency and development bottleneck, refers to Henan sustainable food production problems, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. Through investigation and research analysis of grain production in Henan has the following problems: 1. the traditional farmers planting technology is still backward, small grain farmers income, enthusiasm is low, farmer cooperatives and family farm management level should be improved, lack of funds, technology 2., policy support; traditional farmers expect to improve grain production, farmer cooperatives, family farm scale strong will, but the relevant departments and the service system is not perfect, which restricts its further development; 3. government guidance and social services to farmers, farmer cooperatives, family farm, in the settlement of the Henan food continued to play an important role in increasing production. The main way and the development strategy of Henan sustainable food production: 1. improve the grain price formation system; 2. to strengthen the agricultural extension System construction; 3. improve the level of social service; 4. improve the rural land transfer mechanism; 5. strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure; 6. to cultivate new professional farmers.

【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.11

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