新疆柯坪县的精准扶贫研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 01:09

本文关键词：新疆柯坪县的精准扶贫研究　出处：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“足寒伤心,民寒伤国”,贫困不仅仅是经济问题,其发生会伴随着一系列症状,衍生出的一系列问题:如温饱、疾病、以及冲突等,因此,一直以来是各国关注的问题,尤其对于发展中的大国-中国来说,如何消除贫困、缓解贫困是我党和各族人民关心的问题。过去的30年间,中国历经了四个阶段不同模式的扶贫,扶贫边际递减效应凸显,大部分贫困人口、地区已经脱离贫困,留下了一些“老”、“少”、“边”、“穷”地区,由于其自身的地理、历史、社会等原因发展缓慢。“精准扶贫”作为国家扶贫政策的最新理论、最新思路以及最新标准,是现阶段形式下我国农村扶贫开发的主导性战略,其核心是“精准”,转变以往的扶贫模式,变“漫灌”为“滴灌”,针对具体实际,开展精准扶贫。本文以国家级贫困县-新疆柯坪县作为研究对象。新疆柯坪县地处偏远,少数民族聚居,各方面发展较为滞后,如何打赢精准扶贫战,顺利脱掉“贫困帽”是当前面临的重要问题,更事关新疆的稳定与发展。本文对柯坪县的基本情况,过去扶贫成就,及精准扶贫实践情况进行了论述,结合精准扶贫工作的要求,发现柯坪县精准扶贫工作中存在的诸多问题,并对此提出了扎实推进精准扶贫工作,提高扶贫实效的建议。全文主要分为六个部分:第一部分:绪论,首先阐述了本课题研究的背景、意义和本文研究的重点、难点、方法以及目的;第二部分:相关概念和理论基础,对贫困的基本概念外延和相关理论以及精准扶贫理论进行了阐述,并与过去的扶贫进行了对比;第三部分:主要介绍了柯坪县的基本情况,对柯坪县整体精准扶贫及精准扶贫个案实施情况进行了研究,通过研究发现:由于致贫原因分析不全,可能导致精准识别存在误差;从收入结构和精准帮扶措施来看,贫困户的自我脱贫意识及脱贫能力较差,依靠政策兜底情况严重;由于合作社发展水平较低,无法形成规模,导致农、蓄产品滞销,使得成本增加,收入降低;贫困贷款利用率低;非政府组织参与程度低;部门整合资金存在额度不确定、数量没保证、到位不及时的特点,通过这些问题投射到柯坪县精准扶贫实践中存在的问题,并进行原因分析;第四部分:针对精准扶贫实践中存在的问题、原因,提出提升柯坪县精准扶贫实效的对策;第五部分:结论与展望。
[Abstract]:"foot cold sad, people cold hurt the country", poverty is not just an economic problem, its occurrence will be accompanied by a series of symptoms, derived from a series of problems: food and clothing, disease, and conflict, and so on. It has always been a concern of all countries, especially for China, a developing country, how to eliminate poverty and alleviate poverty is a matter of concern to our party and the people of all ethnic groups over the past 30 years. China has experienced four stages of different models of poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation marginal decline effect highlights, most of the poor population, the region has been out of poverty, leaving behind some "old", "little", "edge", "poor" areas. Due to its own geographical, historical, social and other reasons, the development of "precision poverty alleviation" as the latest theory of national poverty alleviation policy, the latest ideas and the latest standards. It is the leading strategy of poverty alleviation and development in rural areas in the present stage, whose core is "precision", changing the former poverty alleviation mode, changing "flood irrigation" into "drip irrigation", aiming at the concrete reality. Carry out the precision poverty alleviation. This article takes the national poverty county-Xinjiang Keping county as the research object. Xinjiang Keping county is located in the remote, the minority nationality live in concentrated, each aspect development is relatively lagging behind, how to win the precision poverty alleviation war. Taking off the "poverty cap" smoothly is an important problem, which is more related to the stability and development of Xinjiang. This paper discusses the basic situation, past poverty alleviation achievements, and precision poverty alleviation practice in Keping County. Combined with the requirements of precision poverty alleviation work, we found many problems in the precision poverty alleviation work in Keping County, and put forward a solid advance of precision poverty alleviation work. The full text is divided into six parts: the first part: introduction, the first part describes the background, significance and the focus, difficulties, methods and purposes of this study; The second part: related concepts and theoretical basis, the basic concept of poverty extension and related theories as well as the theory of accurate poverty alleviation are expounded, and compared with the past poverty alleviation; The third part: mainly introduced the basic situation of Keping County, the overall precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation case implementation situation were studied, through the study found: because of the causes of poverty analysis is not complete. It may lead to the error of precision recognition; From the perspective of income structure and precise help measures, the poor households have poor self-awareness and ability to extricate themselves from poverty, and rely on the policy to carry out a serious situation; Due to the low level of development of cooperatives, unable to form a scale, leading to unsalable agricultural and storage products, resulting in increased costs and lower income; Poor loan utilization rate is low; Low level of NGO participation; The existing quota of the department integration fund is uncertain, the quantity is not guaranteed, the place is not in time characteristic, through these questions projects to the Keping county precision poverty alleviation practice existence question, and carries on the reason analysis; Part 4th: aiming at the problems existing in the practice of precision poverty alleviation, the paper puts forward some countermeasures to improve the effectiveness of precision poverty alleviation in Keping County. Part 5th: conclusion and prospect.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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