我国渔业科技进步贡献率研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 05:26

本文关键词：我国渔业科技进步贡献率研究　出处：《上海海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：渔业是农业的重要组成部分,与国民经济的发展息息相关。渔业的发展对于促进农村产业结构调整、增加农民收入、保障水产品有效供给、优化国民膳食结构等方面具有重要的作用。我国是渔业大国,水产品总产量位居世界第一,但要发展为渔业强国还有一段路要走。要实现渔业又好又快发展,促进渔业生产率的提高,一个很重要的条件就是科技的进步。发展渔业,从根本上说是实现传统渔业向现代化渔业的转变,要达成这个目标,就要依靠科技进步提高资本利用率和劳动生产率。因此,深入研究渔业科技进步对渔业经济的影响,正确认识和评价科技进步在渔业经济发展中的作用,并进行定量测算和分析,找出渔业科技发展的问题,制定有效的科技进步政策,对推动渔业经济快速健康发展有着重要意义。本文首先对国内外关于科技进步作用、科技进步贡献率测算方法和渔业科技进步贡献的研究现状进行了综述分析。其次,介绍了我国渔业科技和渔业经济发展现状以及渔业科技促进经济增长的路径。然后,通过对科技进步贡献率的各种测算方法以及弹性系数的几种估计方法进行比较分析,选择合适的渔业科技进步贡献率测算模型和参数估计方法,并进行实证分析。最后,基于测算结果和原因分析,提出相应的对策建议。具体内容如下:第一部分,阐明研究背景和研究目的,指出研究我国渔业科技进步的贡献率,分析科技进步对渔业经济推动作用的理论和现实意义。然后介绍了国内外科技进步作用研究、科技进步贡献率测算方法研究和渔业科技进步贡献率研究的现状,并说明了论文的研究方法、路线和主要创新点。第二部分首先对我国目前渔业科技发展的成果和存在的问题进行了介绍;其次,从渔业经济总产值、水产品产量、水产品进出口、渔民收入和渔业从业人员五个方面阐述了我国渔业经济的发展现状,并归纳了渔业经济发展中存在的问题;最后,指出渔业科技进步可以通过改变渔业生产要素、改变渔业生产过程和促进渔业结构优化三个方面推动渔业经济增长。第三部分,阐述了科技进步贡献率的几种主要测算方法,包括索洛余值法、柯布-道格拉斯生产函数法(C-D生产函数法)、连续替代弹性函数法(CES生产函数法)、增长因素分析法、数据包络分析法(DEA法)和价值分析法(CSH理论法),并对每种方法的优缺点进行了比较分析。然后,对几种参数估计的方法进行了说明,包括分配份额法、经验确定法、回归分析法和灰色关联度分析法。最后根据对各种测算方法的对比分析,选择索洛余值法作为渔业科技进步贡献率的测算模型,并确定灰色关联度分析法为估计投入要素弹性系数的方法。第四部分,主要对渔业科技进步贡献率进行实证分析。首先,对指标数据的来源进行说明,并做好数据处理工作。其次,运用测算模型和渔业经济数据测算各年度和各时期渔业科技进步贡献率和各投入要素贡献率,测算结果表明我国“九五”时期、“十五”时期、“十一五”时期和“十二五”时期前两年的渔业科技进步贡献率分别为39.15%、28.62%、8.27%和-27.06%。然后,基于渔业科技进步贡献率相关测算结果,对各要素弹性系数、增长速度和贡献率情况进行数据分析,解读各时期渔业投入要素贡献率和科技进步贡献率的变化走势,将渔业科技进步贡献率与农业科技贡献率进行比较,指出我国渔业科技进步贡献水平尚存在较大差距。最后,对我国渔业科技进步贡献率较低的原因进行了分析。第五部分,对我国渔业科技进步贡献率的研究结果进行了总结,针对我国渔业科技进步贡献率较低的原因,提出加大渔业科技投资力度,提升渔业科技自主创新能力,提高渔业科技成果转化效率,提高渔业劳动者科技素质和加强渔业领域国际科技合作与交流等对策建议。最后,针对本论文的局限与不足,提出进一步研究的展望。
[Abstract]:Fishery is an important component of agriculture, development is closely linked with the national economy. The development of fisheries for the promotion of rural industrial structure adjustment, increase farmer income, ensure the effective supply of aquatic products, plays an important role in optimizing the national food structure. China is a big fishery country, total output of aquatic products ranked first in the world, but to the development of fishing power is still a long way to go. In order to achieve sound and rapid development of fisheries, fishery and promote the improvement of productivity, a very important condition is that the progress of science and technology. The development of fishery, fundamentally speaking, is to realize the modernization transformation of the traditional fishery fishery, to achieve this goal, we must rely on scientific and technological progress to increase capital utilization rate and labor productivity. Therefore, in-depth study of fishery science and technology progress effects on fishery economy, the correct understanding and evaluation of scientific and technological progress in the development of fishery economy in use, and Quantitative calculation and analysis, find out the development of fishery science and technology issues, formulate effective policies to promote the progress of science and technology, the rapid and healthy development of fishery economy has important significance. This paper at home and abroad on the progress of science and technology, the article analyses the research status of the contribution rate of technological progress and the calculation methods of the contribution of fishery science and technology progress. Secondly, this path China's fishery science and technology and the status quo of the development of fishery economy and fishery science and technology to promote economic growth. Then, through the method of comparative analysis of several calculation methods of estimating the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress and the elastic coefficient, select the appropriate contribution of Fisheries Science and technology progress rate calculation model and parameter estimation method, and empirical analysis. Finally, analysis of the calculation results and reasons, puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The specific contents are as follows: the first part is to clarify the research background and purpose And pointed out that the study of fishery science and technology progress of our country science and technology progress contribution rate analysis, role theory and the practical significance to the fishery economy. Then it introduces the role of scientific and technological progress contribution rate of the domestic status quo, research and progress of fishery science and technology method of measuring the contribution rate of science and technology progress, and explains the research method of this paper, and the main route innovation. The second part of China's current development of fishery science and technology achievements and existing problems are introduced; secondly, the total output value of fishery economy, the output of aquatic products, aquatic products import and export, the five aspects of the income of fishermen and fishery workers on the development status of fishery economy in China, and summarizes the existing fishery problems in the economic development; finally, points out that the progress of science and technology can change the fishery fishery production factors, changes in fishery production process and promote three aspects to promote the fishery structure optimization The economic growth of fishery. The third part expounds several main calculation methods of the contribution rate of technological progress, including the Solow residual method, the Cobb Douglas production function (C-D production function), continuous substitution elasticity function method (CES production function), growth factor analysis, data envelopment analysis (DEA method) and value the analysis method (CSH method), and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared and analyzed. Then, several methods of parameter estimation are described, including the distribution share method, determined by experience, regression analysis method and grey relational degree analysis method. According to the comparison of various methods of measurement model selection of Solow residual as contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in fisheries, and determine the method of grey correlation analysis method for the estimation of input elasticity coefficients. In the fourth part, mainly on fishery scientific and technological progress contribution rate of empirical analysis. First, the description of the source data, and completes the data processing work. Secondly, using the calculation model and calculation data of fishery economy each year and each period of fishery science and technology progress contribution rate and the contribution rate of each input factor, and the results show that China's "95" period, the "fifteen" period, the contribution of Fisheries Science and technology progress in 11th Five-Year during the period of "and" 12th Five-Year "period of two years ago, the rates were 39.15%, 28.62%, 8.27% and -27.06%. and the related calculation results of contribution rate of scientific and technological progress based on the fishery, the various elements of the data analysis of elastic coefficient, the growth rate and the contribution rate of each period, interpretation of the fishery investment change factor contribution rate and the contribution rate of technological progress trend will, fishery science and technology progress contribution rate and contribution rate of agricultural science and technology comparison, points out that there are still a wide gap between the fishery of China's scientific and technological progress contribution level. Finally, to our country Analyze the reasons for the low contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in fisheries. In the fifth part, the research on the contribution rate of fishery science and technology progress in China were summarized, according to the progress of China's fishery science and technology contribution rate is low, the proposed increase of fishery science and technology investment, enhance the capability of independent innovation of science and technology to improve the fishery, fishery science and technology achievements transformation to improve the efficiency and quality of science and technology and Fisheries workers strengthen scientific and technological cooperation and exchange of international fishery areas and other countermeasures. Finally, aiming at the limitations and shortcomings, puts forward the prospect of further study.

【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3;F326.4

【参考文献】