发展视角下的个体主体性和组织主体性:精准脱贫的重要议题

发布时间：2018-01-15 14:29

本文关键词：发展视角下的个体主体性和组织主体性:精准脱贫的重要议题　出处：《学习与探索》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：农村精准脱贫实践既是国家建构和发展干预的过程,更是贫困人口参与和发挥主体性的过程。从反贫困发展理论的历史演变脉络可以看出,贫困人口作为发展主体的认识是在反贫困实践中不断反思建构的结果。对贫困人口主体性的分析,需从个体(家庭)主体性和组织(社区)主体性两个层面展开。S村的案例表明:一方面,贫困人口虽在个体层面处于"在场"状态,但由于主客观条件的限制,其个体主体性的发挥比较有限;另一方面,贫困人口在组织层面处于"被动在场抑或缺席"状态,组织主体性的缺失导致了贫困人口参与脱贫实践的表面化现象。将贫困人口的主体性需求分别从个体与组织层面嵌入农村反贫困实践的逻辑中,实现贫困人口与外部干预主体的协商共治,是破解扶贫困境、实现精准脱贫的有效途径。
[Abstract]:The practice of accurate poverty eradication in rural areas is not only the process of national construction and development intervention, but also the process of the poor people participating in and giving play to their subjectivity, which can be seen from the historical evolution of the theory of anti-poverty development. The understanding of the poor population as the main body of development is the result of continuous reflection and construction in the practice of anti-poverty, and the analysis of the subjectivity of the poor population. The case of "S Village" needs to be carried out from the two aspects of individual (family) subjectivity and organization (community) subjectivity. The case shows that, on the one hand, the poor population is in the "presence" state at the individual level. However, due to the limitation of subjective and objective conditions, the exertion of individual subjectivity is relatively limited. On the other hand, the poor in the organizational level in the "passive presence or absence" state. The lack of organizational subjectivity leads to the superficial phenomenon of the poor people participating in the practice of poverty eradication. The subjective needs of the poor population are embedded in the logic of anti-poverty practice in rural areas from the individual and organizational levels respectively. It is an effective way to solve the plight of poverty alleviation and to get rid of poverty accurately by means of consultation and co-treatment between the poor population and the external interventionists.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学社会学院;华中师范大学减贫与发展研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“精准扶贫的科学体系设计与研究”(71541039)
【分类号】：F323.8
【正文快照】： 党的十八大以来,我国开始实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫基本方略,瞄准贫困人口并取得减贫实效成为新时期扶贫开发工作的核心诉求。由此出发,农村反贫困实践既应该是国家建构和发展干预的过程,更应该是贫困人口自觉参与和发挥主体性的过程。本文在对反贫困发展理论及其脉络进行细致梳

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