不同层次农业经营主体耕地利用对环境压力的适应研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 03:18

本文关键词：不同层次农业经营主体耕地利用对环境压力的适应研究　出处：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文首先分析了国内外农业经营主体耕地利用对环境压力适应方面的研究。在此基础上对已有研究进行总结,指出未来研究要重视生态脆弱区、适应的环境生态效应和多层次综合研究。其次,本文在安徽省的长江和淮河流域沿线的农村和农场选择样点,采用利益相关主体结构化或半结构化问卷调查和深入访谈获取数据,来研究脆弱区不同层次农业经营主体耕地利用适应环境压力的决策过程机制,通过对调查数据的分析和总结,认为目前安徽省农业经营主体耕地利用的主要环境压力为土地整治和政策环境,气候、区位和资源等环境压力已降为次要地位,不同层次农业经营主体耕地利用对环境压力的适应主要表现为对土地整治和政策环境的适应。再次,本文根据国内外学者的研究热点和与耕地利用密切相关的因子确定不同层次农业经营主体耕地利用适应环境压力的关键影响因素,即土地整治、农产品最低收购价格、农业补贴、政策性农业保险,以及干旱、洪涝、病虫害和水土流失等,并探索这些关键影响因素对提高不同层次农业经营主体耕地利用适应能力的影响,发现农户的适应能力较差,而新型农业经营主体的适应能力则较好。因此,安徽省要在坚持适度规模经营的基础上,不断加大对新型农业经营主体政策扶持力度,充分发挥新型农业经营主体耕地利用对环境压力的适应性,显化土地整治和政策环境对提高农业经营主体耕地利用适应环境压力的成效。然后,依据农业经营主体耕地利用适应实践的环境生态效应度量指标,对土壤环境、水环境、大气环境和生物多样性进行了描述性分析,发现农户的适应实践行为产生的不利影响最大,其耕地利用适应实践的环境效应较差,新型农业经营主体产生的不利影响较小。因此,要大力推进我省新型农业经营主体的发展,以实现农业经营主体耕地利用对环境压力的可持续适应。最后,本文通过识别不同层次农业经营主体适应多重环境压力的有利因素和障碍因素,从政府机构、村集体以及不同层次农业经营主体三个角度提出了相关的建议,对政府部门制定规划适应相关政策、乡镇和村集体充分发挥基层组织职能和农业经营主体耕地利用提高适应环境变化的能力方面具有重要指导作用。
[Abstract]:This paper first analyzes the domestic and foreign agricultural management of the main use of arable land to adapt to environmental pressure, on the basis of this to sum up the existing research, pointed out that the future research should pay attention to the ecological fragile areas. Environmental ecological effects of adaptation and multi-level comprehensive study. Secondly, this paper selected the rural and farm samples along the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basin in Anhui Province. Using structured or semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews to obtain data to study the decision-making process mechanism of farmland utilization adaptation to environmental pressure in different levels of agricultural management in fragile areas. Through the analysis and summary of the survey data, it is concluded that the main environmental pressure of farmland utilization in Anhui Province is land regulation and policy environment, climate, location and resources have been reduced to a secondary position. Different levels of agricultural management of the main use of arable land to adapt to environmental pressure mainly for the adaptation of land regulation and policy environment. Third. According to the research hotspot of domestic and foreign scholars and the factors closely related to the utilization of cultivated land, this paper determines the key factors that affect the adaptation of farmland use to environmental pressure in different levels of agricultural management, that is, land reclamation. Minimum purchase prices for agricultural products, agricultural subsidies, policy agricultural insurance, as well as drought, floods, pests and soil erosion. And explore the impact of these key factors on improving the adaptability of different levels of agricultural management of arable land, found that the adaptability of farmers is poor, while the new agricultural management of the main body of the adaptive capacity is better. On the basis of the moderate scale management, Anhui Province should increase the policy support to the new agricultural management main body, and give full play to the adaptability of the new agricultural management main body cultivated land utilization to the environmental pressure. The effect of land remediation and policy environment on improving the adaptation of farmland to environmental pressure. Then, according to the measure index of environmental ecological effect of agricultural management subject cultivated land use adaptation practice. A descriptive analysis of soil environment, water environment, atmospheric environment and biodiversity showed that the adverse effects of farmers' adaptation practices were the greatest, and the environmental effects of cultivated land use adaptation practices were poor. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously promote the development of new agricultural management subjects in order to realize the sustainable adaptation of farmland use to environmental pressure. By identifying the favorable factors and obstacles for different levels of agricultural management subjects to adapt to multiple environmental pressures, this paper puts forward some relevant suggestions from three angles: government agencies, village collectives and different levels of agricultural management subjects. It plays an important role in guiding government departments to formulate relevant policies for planning and adaptation, to give full play to the functions of grass-roots organizations and to improve the ability to adapt to environmental changes in the use of cultivated land as the main agricultural management body.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

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